Health Nexus
type: channel
description: E-ISSN: 2981-2569 Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Hadi Nobari Owner: KMAN Research Institute Publisher: KMAN Publication Inc. (KMANPUB) Contact emails: healthnexus@kmanpub.com / healthnexusjournal@gmail.com Open access: YES Peer-review: Yes (Open Peer-review) Health Nexus is a multidisciplinary journal dedicated to publishing and disseminating groundbreaking research in human health. This journal uniquely focuses on the synergistic relationship among four key areas: sports sciences, psychology, public health, and emerging technologies in health. By embracing this diverse yet interconnected scope, Health Nexus serves as a dynamic platform for researchers to present their latest findings and contribute significantly to the enhancement of human health and well-being. The journal invites a wide array of submissions, including original research articles, comprehensive reviews, insightful meta-analyses, theoretical explorations, and practical applications. These contributions are expected to advance knowledge and understanding in each of the journal's core areas: sports sciences' role in physical and mental health, psychological perspectives on wellness, public health strategies for community and global health improvement, and the transformative impact of emerging technologies in healthcare. Health Nexus is committed to fostering the development of evidence-based practices and interventions. By integrating research from sports sciences, psychology, public health, and emerging technologies in health, the journal aims to offer a holistic view of human health. This approach ensures the promotion of well-being in all aspects of life, encouraging innovative solutions to health challenges in today's rapidly evolving world. About the Publisher Publisher: KMAN Publication Inc. Publisher Office: Unit 5‑10825 Yonge St, Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada, L4C 3E3 https://journals.kmanpub.com Email: kmanpu@kmanpub.com Telegram: +1 (647) 656‑4401 | WhatsApp: +1 (437) 429‑3507 Germany Office: Drateln…
publisher: KMAN Publication Inc. (KMANPUB)
language: en
publication name: Health Nexus
issn: 2981-2569
items: https://journals.kmanpub.com/index.php/Health-Nexus/article/view/5267
items: Modeling the Design of Therapeutic Environments for Patients with Schizophrenia Based on Environmental Cognitive Patterns and Its Effect on Anxiety Reduction
items: Comparing the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Emotion-Focused Therapy on Mindfulness and Psychological Flexibility in Generalized Anxiety Disorder
items: The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Reducing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Enhancing Post-Traumatic Growth in Adolescent Survivors of Sexual Assault
items: Sports Activity Level and Behavioral Maladjustment Among Male Secondary School Students in Tehran Province, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Survey
items: Effects of Continuous Aerobic Training on Body Composition in Primary School Boys
items: The Mediating Role of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Symptoms in the Relationship of Stressful Life Events and Childhood Maltreatment with Gastrointestinal Symptoms
items: Effects of Structured Play Interventions on Self-Esteem, Physical Competence, and Psychological Well-Being in Children
items: Comparison of Processing Speed and Working Memory in Students with Dyscalculia, Dyslexia, and Typical Development
items: Determinants of Abortion in the Tehran Metropolis Based on the Lived Experiences of Tehranian Women
items: WISP-1 in Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction: The Modulatory Role of Exercise Training- A Narrative Review
items: Infectobesity and Lifestyle Responsiveness: Infectious Modifiers of Adiposity with Implications for Nutrition and Exercise Science: An Integrated Review
items: A Causal Model of Job Satisfaction Based on Perceived Social Support : The Mediating Role of Cognitive Adaptability among Physical Education Teachers
items: Structural Relationships among Executive Functions and Behavioral Brain Activities with Social Skills of Children with Autism: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies
items: https://journals.kmanpub.com/index.php/Health-Nexus/article/view/4838
items: Effects of Aerobic Exercise at Different Circadian Phases on p53 Expression and β-Cell Survival in the Pancreas of Type 2 Diabetic NMRI Mice
items: Evaluation of the Effect of Continuous and Interval Aerobic Training on Survivin Gene Expression and Cytochrome C in Myocardial Tissue of Rats Modeled with Myocardial Infarction
items: The Role of Biotechnology in the Development of Recombinant Drugs
items: Structural Equation Modeling of the Effect of Sport Mental Energy on Athletic Success: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Flexibility in Iraqi Volleyball Players
items: Investigating the User Experience of AI Chatbots in Delivering Mental Health Support to Athletes
items: Assessment of Dietary Intake, Nutritional Status, and Cardiovascular Risk in University Students
items: Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Short-Term Solution-Focused Therapy on Distress Tolerance in Pregnant Women
items: The Effect of Eight Weeks of Selected Sensorimotor Exercises and Comprehensive Postural Reeducation on Lumbar Lordosis Angle and Postural Control in Women with Lower Crossed Syndrome
items: The Effect of Neuromuscular Training on Mental Health, Depression, and Quality of Life among Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
items: Effects of Conventional Exercise versus Functional Training on Physical Performance in AJA Students during the Socialization Course: A Quasi-Experimental Study
items: Career Termination in Athletes: Identity Loss and Mental Health Strategies
items: Neurofeedback Training for Sharpening Focus in Precision Sports: A Pilot Study
items: Fear of Re-Injury Post-ACL Reconstruction: Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions
items: Eating Disorders in Female Gymnasts: Cultural Pressures and Psychological Interventions
items: Paralympic Science in the Genomic and Post-Genomic Era: A Historical and Critical Literature Review

https://journals.kmanpub.com/index.php/Health-Nexus/article/view/5267
type: item
title: Comparative Effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Neurofeedback on Executive Functions in Female Senior High School Students with Internalizing and Externalizing Behavioral Disorders
description: Internalizing and externalizing behavioral disorders are common problems during adolescence and may adversely affect students’ executive functions. The present study compared the effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and neurofeedback on executive functions in female upper secondary school students with internalizing and externalizing behavioral disorders in Tehran. This applied study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a one-month follow-up and included two experimental groups and one control group. The study population comprised female upper secondary school students in Tehran during the 2024-2025 academic year. Forty-five students were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: EMDR, neurofeedback, and control. Data were collected using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance and post hoc tests in SPSS version 27. Both EMDR and neurofeedback significantly improved executive functions compared with the control group, and these improvements remained stable at follow-up. No statistically significant difference was observed between the two intervention groups in the post hoc comparisons, although both interventions outperformed the control group. These findings suggest that both EMDR and neurofeedback are effective interventions for enhancing executive abilities in students with behavioral disorders and may be considered in therapeutic and educational programs.
subject: Public Health
  topic: section
subject: EMDR; neurofeedback; executive functions; internalizing disorders; externalizing disorders; adolescents
  topic: keywords
creator: Seyedeh Golzar Razavi
creator: Ali Zadehmohammadi
creator: Mohammadreza Bigdeli
creator: Hossien Bigdeli
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Seyedeh Golzar Razavi (Author); Ali Zadehmohammadi (Corresponding Author); Mohammadreza Bigdeli, Hossien Bigdeli (Author)
date: 2026-04-19
publication date: 2026-04-19
doi: 10.61838/

Modeling the Design of Therapeutic Environments for Patients with Schizophrenia Based on Environmental Cognitive Patterns and Its Effect on Anxiety Reduction
type: item
description: The aim of this study was to develop a model for designing therapeutic environments for patients with schizophrenia based on familiar cognitive patterns and to examine its effect on reducing patient anxiety. This study was conducted using a mixed-methods approach (quantitative–qualitative). In the quantitative phase, 30 hospitalized patients with schizophrenia at Omid Farda Center were interviewed and were asked to report their level of anxiety, based on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, after viewing images of designed environments. In the qualitative phase, in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 architecture experts. The results of statistical analysis indicated that environmental design incorporating familiar cognitive elements such as lighting, color, furniture, and surface materials had a significant effect on reducing patients’ anxiety. The findings suggest that an environmental psychology-based approach can contribute to the development of effective and human-centered therapeutic environments for psychiatric patients.
subject: Public Health
  topic: section
subject: therapeutic design, schizophrenia, anxiety, environmental psychology, healing architecture, cognitive patterns
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammad Kaveh Baghbahadorani
creator: Hamidreza Ameri Siyahoyi
creator: Vahdaneh Fooladi
creator: Mastooreh Sedaghat
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammad Kaveh Baghbahadorani, Hamidreza Ameri Siyahoyi, Vahdaneh Fooladi, Mastooreh Sedaghat (Author)
date: 2026-04-17
publication date: 2026-04-17
doi: 10.61838/

Comparing the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Emotion-Focused Therapy on Mindfulness and Psychological Flexibility in Generalized Anxiety Disorder
type: item
description: This study compared the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and emotion-focused therapy (EFT) for improving mindfulness and psychological flexibility in women with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group and follow-up assessment was used. Forty-five women with GAD who attended counseling and psychological service centers in Tehran in 2025 were selected through purposive sampling and then randomly assigned to three groups (n = 15 per group): CBT, EFT, and control. Interventions were delivered online in 12 weekly 90-minute sessions. Measures included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-15), and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II). Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance in SPSS version 26. Both active treatments produced significant improvements compared with the control group, but CBT showed the strongest effects. For mindfulness, the CBT group increased from M = 31.46 (SD = 5.12) at pretest to M = 54.06 (SD = 5.00) at posttest and M = 55.53 (SD = 8.41) at follow-up, whereas the EFT group increased from M = 32.73 (SD = 4.51) to M = 47.73 (SD = 4.72) and M = 47.20 (SD = 4.75). For AAQ-II scores, where lower scores indicate greater psychological flexibility, the CBT group improved from M = 33.80 (SD = 3.23) to M = 17.60 (SD = 4.08) and M = 18.26 (SD = 4.31), while the EFT group improved from M = 36.06 (SD = 3.43) to M = 23.40 (SD = 3.45) and M = 22.93 (SD = 4.69). The repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant time, group, and time × group effects for both mindfulness and psychological flexibility (all p < .001). Both CBT and EFT were effective in women with GAD, but CBT yielded greater gains in mindfulness and psychological flexibility and maintained these gains at follow-up.
subject: Psychology
  topic: section
subject: Psychology
  topic: category
subject: generalized anxiety disorder, cognitive behavioral therapy, emotion-focused therapy, mindfulness, psychological flexibility
  topic: keywords
creator: Alireza Ahangaran
creator: Hasan Fathi
creator: Negin Sadat Azimi
creator: Aliyeh Ghorbani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Alireza Ahangaran, Hasan Fathi, Negin Sadat Azimi, Aliyeh Ghorbani (Author)
date: 2026-04-12
publication date: 2026-04-12
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.61838/

The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Reducing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Enhancing Post-Traumatic Growth in Adolescent Survivors of Sexual Assault
type: item
description: Sexual assault during adolescence is associated with profound psychological sequelae, particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet traumatic exposure may also be followed by post-traumatic growth (PTG). This study evaluated whether Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) could simultaneously reduce PTSD symptoms and strengthen PTG in adolescent survivors of sexual assault. The study used a randomized controlled, pre-test/post-test/follow-up design. Forty-two adolescent girls aged 13–18 years who met diagnostic criteria for PTSD after sexual assault were recruited from counseling centers, forensic medicine clinics, and welfare-related services in Tehran and randomly assigned to ACT or treatment as usual (TAU). The ACT condition involved 12 weekly 90-minute sessions adapted for trauma-exposed adolescents and focused on acceptance, cognitive defusion, present-moment awareness, self-as-context, values clarification, and committed action. Outcomes were assessed using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5), the Child PTSD Symptom Scale for DSM-5 (CPSS-5), and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for Children–Revised (PTGI-C-R). Data were analyzed with mixed-design analysis of variance. Thirty-nine participants completed the study (ACT, n=19; TAU, n=20). A significant Time × Group interaction was found for PTSD symptoms, F(2,74)=45.32, p<0.001, ηp2=0.55, showing a marked reduction in the ACT group from pre-test to post-test that was maintained at follow-up. A similarly significant Time × Group interaction emerged for PTG, F(2,74)=38.91, p<0.001, ηp2=0.51, indicating substantial gains in growth-related outcomes in the ACT group, with further improvement at the two-month follow-up. The control group showed no significant change in either outcome. ACT appears to be an effective intervention for adolescent survivors of sexual assault. Beyond symptom reduction, it may also support constructive post-traumatic adaptation by helping adolescents respond m…
subject: Psychology
  topic: section
subject: Psychology
  topic: category
subject: acceptance and commitment therapy; post-traumatic stress disorder; post-traumatic growth; sexual assault; adolescence; trauma therapy.
  topic: keywords
creator: Seyedeh Nafiseh Mohseni Mansour
creator: Mahboubeh Abdollahzade Ata Abadi
creator: Zeinab Es’haqian
creator: Mehdi Babajanzadeh Barforoushi
creator: Nasim Samadifard
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mahboubeh Abdollahzade Ata Abadi, Seyedeh Nafiseh Mohseni Mansour, Zeinab Es’haqian, Mehdi Babajanzadeh Barforoushi, Nasim Samadifard (Author)
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 1
ending page: 9
doi: 10.61838/kman.hn.5146

Sports Activity Level and Behavioral Maladjustment Among Male Secondary School Students in Tehran Province, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Survey
type: item
description: Behavioral problems during adolescence can disrupt academic performance, social adjustment, and long-term wellbeing. Sport and physical activity have been proposed as modifiable school-based factors that may support healthier psychosocial development. This study examined the association between sports activity level and behavioral maladjustment among male secondary school students in Tehran Province, Iran. The study used an applied, descriptive-survey design. The statistical population comprised 20,513 male students from selected counties of Tehran Province. Using two-stage cluster sampling with proportional allocation based on the Krejcie and Morgan table, 377 students were required; 400 questionnaires were distributed and 361 were analyzed. Data were collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire that included demographic and sports-activity items and a behavioral maladjustment scale. Face validity was confirmed by 10 experts in psychology and sport management, and internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.81). Students were classified into four groups: no sports activity, low activity, moderate activity, and high activity. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc tests were used. More than half of the students (52.9%) were in the low-activity group, whereas 15.0% were in the high-activity group and 6.4% reported no sports activity. Football was the most common preferred sport, followed by bodybuilding. Mean behavioral maladjustment scores differed markedly across activity levels: no activity 3.20 ± 0.85, high activity 2.02 ± 0.41, moderate activity 2.27 ± 0.32, and low activity 3.62 ± 0.62. The between-group difference was statistically significant, F(3, 357) = 190.54, p < 0.001. Tukey comparisons showed that the high-activity group had significantly lower maladjustment scores than the no-activity, moderate-activity, and low-activity groups. Higher sports activity was associated with lower behavioral maladjustment scores among…
subject: Sports Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Sports Sciences
  topic: category
subject: sport participation; physical activity; behavioral maladjustment; male adolescents; secondary school.
  topic: keywords
creator: Reza Omidi Ghanbari
creator: Mooud Bonyadifard
creator: Morteza Soleimani
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Reza Omidi Ghanbari, Mooud Bonyadifard, Morteza Soleimani (Author)
date: 2022-10-03
publication date: 2022-10-03
starting page: 82
ending page: 87
doi: 10.61838/

Effects of Continuous Aerobic Training on Body Composition in Primary School Boys
type: item
description: The prevalence of sedentary lifestyles among children has increased significantly in recent decades, leading to higher rates of overweight, obesity, and reduced physical fitness. School-based exercise programs are considered an effective strategy to improve body composition and promote health in children. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a structured continuous aerobic training program on body composition among primary school boys aged 10–12 years in Shahriar County, Iran. This research employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test measurements and included a control group. Twenty students were randomly assigned to two groups: a continuous training group (n=10) and a control group (n=10). Body composition variables, including body fat percentage, fat-free mass, and basal metabolic rate, were measured using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (InBody 0.3, Korea). Anthropometric variables such as waist circumference, hip circumference, arm circumference, and thigh circumference were also recorded. The training program lasted 12 weeks and consisted of three weekly sessions with progressive intensity ranging from 60% to 75% of maximum heart rate. Statistical analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests for normality, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed a significant improvement in body composition in the training group compared with the control group (p = 0.002). Participants who completed the exercise intervention demonstrated reductions in body fat percentage and improvements in lean body mass. These findings suggest that continuous aerobic training programs implemented within school settings can effectively improve body composition and promote physical health in children. The results highlight the importance of integrating structured physical activity into school curricula to prevent childhood obesity and improve long-term health outcomes.
subject: Sports Sciences
  topic: section
subject: continuous training, body composition, primary school students, body fat percentage.
  topic: keywords
creator: Reza Omidi Ghanbari
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Reza Omidi Ghanbari (Author)
date: 2026-03-11
publication date: 2026-03-11
doi: 10.61838/

The Mediating Role of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Symptoms in the Relationship of Stressful Life Events and Childhood Maltreatment with Gastrointestinal Symptoms
type: item
description: Psychosomatic disorders, particularly gastrointestinal complaints, are a major health concern among university students, as they can impair physical health, academic performance, psychological well-being, and social functioning. This study examined the mediating role of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms in the relationship between stressful life events, childhood maltreatment, and gastrointestinal symptoms. This descriptive correlational study was conducted among undergraduate and graduate students of Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur Branch, during the 2024–2025 academic year. A total of 300 students were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Child Abuse Self-Report Scale, the GAD-7, the Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire, and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale. Data were analyzed in SPSS 26 and AMOS using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and structural equation modeling. The results showed significant associations among GAD symptoms, stressful life events, childhood maltreatment, and gastrointestinal symptoms. The structural model showed acceptable fit. Stressful life events positively predicted GAD symptoms (β = 0.28, p < 0.001) and gastrointestinal symptoms (β = 0.24, p < 0.01). Childhood maltreatment also positively predicted GAD symptoms (β = 0.36, p < 0.001) and gastrointestinal symptoms (β = 0.37, p < 0.01). GAD symptoms partially mediated these relationships.
subject: Psychology
  topic: section
subject: Psychology
  topic: category
subject: childhood maltreatment
  topic: keywords
subject: stressful life events
  topic: keywords
subject: generalized anxiety disorder symptoms
  topic: keywords
subject: gastrointestinal symptoms
  topic: keywords
creator: Erfan Khalili Moghadam
creator: Sepideh Pourheydari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Erfan Khalili Moghaddam (Author); Sepideh Pourheydari (Corresponding Author)
date: 2026-03-08
publication date: 2026-03-08
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.61838/kman.hn.5136

Effects of Structured Play Interventions on Self-Esteem, Physical Competence, and Psychological Well-Being in Children
type: item
description: Abstract Structured play has been proposed as an effective approach to enhance both physical and psychological health in children; however, evidence from school-based interventions examining self-esteem, perceived physical competence, and psychological well-being simultaneously remains limited. This study examined the effects of an eight-week structured play intervention on self-esteem, perceived physical competence, and psychological well-being in children aged 8–11 years. In this quasi-experimental pretest–posttest study, 68 children were recruited from primary schools in Tehran, Iran, and conveniently allocated to a structured play intervention group (n = 34) or a control group (n = 34). The intervention comprised two 45-minute sessions per week for 8 weeks, including skill-based activities, cooperative games, and reflection periods. Outcomes were assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (child-adapted), the Physical Self-Perception Profile for Children, and the KIDSCREEN-27 (total score). Pre- and post-intervention data were analyzed using ANCOVA, controlling for baseline scores, with effect sizes reported as partial eta squared (η²p). The results revealed significant intervention effects on all outcomes. Self-esteem improved significantly in the intervention group compared with controls (F(1, 65) = 18.42, p < 0.001, η²p = 0.22). Similarly, perceived physical competence (F(1, 65) = 32.15, p < 0.001, η²p = 0.33) and psychological well-being (F(1, 65) = 24.87, p < 0.001, η²p = 0.28) increased significantly. Paired-sample t-tests confirmed pre- to post-intervention improvements in the intervention group (all p < 0.001), whereas changes in the control group were non-significant. An 8-week structured play program delivered in schools was associated with meaningful improvements in self-esteem, perceived physical competence, and psychological well-being in children aged 8–11 years, supporting its potential for promoting holistic development in educational and com…
subject: Sports Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Sports Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Child, Play Therapy, Self Concept, Physical Fitness, Mental Health
  topic: keywords
creator: Anastasia Molodanova
creator: Victoria Zaborova
creator: Elena Budanova
creator: Amir Dana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anastasia Molodanova, Victoria Zaborova , Elena Budanova (Author); Amir Dana (Corresponding Author)
date: 2026-03-05
publication date: 2026-03-05
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.61838/kman.hn.5121

Comparison of Processing Speed and Working Memory in Students with Dyscalculia, Dyslexia, and Typical Development
type: item
description: Cognitive abilities such as working memory and processing speed play a significant role in students’ learning processes and academic performance. Deficits in these abilities are often associated with learning disorders such as dyslexia and mathematics learning disorder (dyscalculia). The present study aimed to compare working memory and processing speed among elementary school students with dyscalculia, dyslexia, and typically developing peers in Tehran. This study employed an ex post facto (causal–comparative) design. The sample consisted of 75 male and female students from Grades 1 to 5 of elementary school during the 2021–2022 academic year in Tehran. Participants were divided into three groups: students with dyscalculia, students with dyslexia, and typically developing students. The groups were matched in terms of age, gender, grade level, and intelligence quotient (IQ). Working memory and processing speed were assessed using subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Fourth Edition (WISC-IV), standardized by Abedi and colleagues. Data analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of the ANOVA indicated a significant difference among the three groups in both working memory and processing speed (p < .001, df = 2). Specifically, students with dyscalculia and dyslexia demonstrated weaker performance compared to typically developing students; however, no significant difference was observed between the dyscalculia and dyslexia groups. The findings suggest that deficits in working memory and processing speed represent common characteristics among students with learning disorders. Therefore, designing and implementing educational and rehabilitation programs that focus on strengthening these cognitive abilities may contribute to improving the academic performance of these students.
subject: Psychology
  topic: section
subject: Psychology
  topic: category
subject: Dyscalculia
  topic: keywords
subject: Dyslexia
  topic: keywords
subject: Working Memory
  topic: keywords
subject: Processing Speed
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning Disorders
  topic: keywords
creator: Sara Oladi
creator: Majid Ebrahmipour
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sara Oladi (Author); Majid Ebrahmipour (Corresponding Author)
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.61838/kman.hn.5113

Determinants of Abortion in the Tehran Metropolis Based on the Lived Experiences of Tehranian Women
type: item
description: This study was conducted with the aim of examining abortion in the Tehran metropolitan area using a grounded theory methodology. Purposeful and snowball sampling methods were employed, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 33 women residing in Tehran who had undergone at least one induced abortion in a medical office under the supervision of a specialist physician between 2021 and 2025. Data analysis based on Strauss and Corbin’s interpretive analytical approach revealed three distinct pregnancy patterns among participants. In the first group, the main categories included alcohol and drug use and engagement in high-risk sexual relationships (causal conditions); dysfunction of the family institution and delegitimization of traditional lifeworld norms (contextual conditions); social control over women’s bodies and fertility and incompatibility of lifestyles (intervening conditions); the feasibility of safe abortion and the normalization or moral neutralization of abortion (interactional strategies); and physical and psychological consequences (outcomes). The core category was identified as “reproductive autonomy in the absence of socially legitimate relationships.” In the second group, the principal categories included the existence of extramarital relationships (causal condition); marital dysfunction, long-term suppression of sexual and emotional needs, husbands’ extramarital relationships, and perceived positive functions of extramarital relationships (contextual conditions); barriers to divorce (intervening condition); interaction with peer social networks, transformation of women’s attitudinal and behavioral systems, and resistance to traditional and religious socialization (interactional strategies); and physical and psychological consequences (outcomes). The core category was “redefinition of feminine roles in response to marital and social constraints.” In the third group, the main categories consisted of convergence toward discourses of voluntary …
subject: Public Health
  topic: section
subject: Public Health
  topic: category
subject: Unintended pregnancy
  topic: keywords
subject: Induced abortion in Tehran (Iran)
  topic: keywords
subject: Second demographic transition in Tehran (Iran)
  topic: keywords
subject: Extramarital relationships
  topic: keywords
subject: Family transformations
  topic: keywords
creator: Razieh Sadat Ghazanfari
creator: Seyyed Reza Moini
creator: Ali Pezhhan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Razieh Sadat Ghazanfari (Author); Seyyed Reza Moini (Corresponding Author); Ali Pezhhan (Author)
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 14
doi: 10.61838/kman.hn.5112

WISP-1 in Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction: The Modulatory Role of Exercise Training- A Narrative Review
type: item
description: Obesity is a major global health concern strongly associated with metabolic disorders, chronic low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Among the emerging biomarkers implicated in obesity-related metabolic dysfunction, Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP-1), a matricellular protein belonging to the CCN (Cyr61, C: Cyr61(Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61/ C: CTGF (Connective Tissue Growth Factor), N: NOV (Nephroblastoma Overexpressed gene) family, has attracted increasing attention. WISP-1 is involved in tissue remodeling, extracellular matrix regulation, inflammatory signaling, and metabolic processes, and accumulating evidence suggests that elevated circulating levels are associated with visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. Physical activity is widely recognized as a cornerstone intervention for improving metabolic health and reducing obesity-related complications. Exercise training modulates adipose tissue function, inflammatory pathways, insulin signaling, and extracellular matrix remodeling mechanisms that may be linked to alterations in WISP-1 expression. However, the extent to which exercise directly regulates WISP-1 remains incompletely understood, and existing findings are not entirely consistent across populations and intervention types. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence regarding the relationship between physical activity and WISP-1 levels in individuals with obesity. Available studies suggest that aerobic training, resistance exercise, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) may reduce circulating WISP-1 concentrations, often in parallel with improvements in insulin sensitivity, body composition, and inflammatory markers. Nevertheless, the number of interventional studies remains limited, sample sizes are generally small, and methodological heterogeneity complicates definitive interpretation. Furthermore, much of the mechanistic understandi…
subject: Sports Sciences
  topic: section
subject: physical activity,
  topic: keywords
subject: WISP-1
  topic: keywords
subject: metabolic health
  topic: keywords
subject: extracellular matrix
  topic: keywords
subject: obesity
  topic: keywords
subject: inflammation
  topic: keywords
creator: Firouzeh Dehghan
creator: Ali Ataeinosrat
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 firouzeh dehghan (Corresponding Author); Ali Ataeinosrat (Author)
date: 2026-03-08
publication date: 2026-03-08
doi: 10.61838/

Infectobesity and Lifestyle Responsiveness: Infectious Modifiers of Adiposity with Implications for Nutrition and Exercise Science: An Integrated Review
type: item
description: Obesity is a chronic, relapsing, and multifactorial condition with rising global prevalence and substantial cardiometabolic and functional consequences. Although diet and physical activity remain foundational therapies, large inter-individual variability in weight loss and health responses suggests that biological modifiers influence lifestyle responsiveness. The infectobesity hypothesis proposes that specific pathogens can promote adiposity and remodel metabolic phenotypes through effects on adipogenesis, insulin signaling, inflammation, and host–microbiome interactions. Notably, the earliest empirical roots of infectobesity research emerged from avian models, where infection-related adiposity was first documented in chickens. Six pathogens have been reported to cause obesity in animals. The first was an avian retrovirus, which has been shown to cause stunting, obesity, and hyperlipidemia in chickens. The obesity-promoting effect of Borna disease virus was next demonstrated in rats. Scrapie agents were reported to induce obesity in mice and hamsters. The final two reports were of SMAM-1, an avian adenovirus, and Ad-36, a human adenovirus that caused obesity in animals. Additionally, an association with human obesity is a unique feature of SMAM-1 and Ad-36. Human adenovirus 36 (HAdV-36) is the most studied adipogenic pathogen, supported by mechanistic evidence in cell and animal models and by human sero-epidemiological findings, although there are heterogeneous and method-dependent null results. From a sports- and exercise-science perspective, the infection–obesity interface is clinically relevant because training load, energy availability, and dietary patterns can alter immune competence, susceptibility to infection, recovery, and inflammatory tone—factors that may interact with metabolic adaptation and weight-regain biology. This review synthesizes contemporary evidence on infectobesity, highlights methodological pitfalls (diagnostics, temporality, confounding, an…
subject: Public Health
  topic: section
subject: Public Health
  topic: category
subject: Infectobesity; Avian Adenovirus; SMAM-1; Human Adenovirus 36; Metabolic Inflammation; Exercise; Precision Nutrition; Obesity Management
  topic: keywords
creator: Khadijeh Irandoust
creator: Jamshid Razmyar
creator: Majid Janani
creator: Hassane Zouhal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Khadijeh Irandoust (Corresponding Author); Jamshid Razmyar, Majid Janani (Author); Hassane Zouhal (Corresponding Author)
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 14
doi: 10.61838/kman.hn.5028

A Causal Model of Job Satisfaction Based on Perceived Social Support : The Mediating Role of Cognitive Adaptability among Physical Education Teachers
type: item
description: The present study aimed to develop and test a causal model of job satisfaction based on perceived social support, with cognitive adaptability serving as a mediating variable among physical education teachers in non-governmental schools. This study employed a descriptive–correlational design using structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population consisted of all physical education teachers in Tehran during the 2024–2025 academic year. Using multistage cluster sampling, 336 physical education teachers (134 females and 202 males) were selected from different educational districts of Tehran. Data were collected using the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire, the Cognitive Adaptability Questionnaire, and the Short Job Satisfaction Scale. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and AMOS software. The findings indicated that perceived social support (from family, friends, and significant others) had a direct and positive effect on teachers’ job satisfaction. Perceived social support also positively influenced cognitive adaptability, which in turn had a direct effect on job satisfaction. Cognitive adaptability played a partial mediating role in the relationship between perceived social support and job satisfaction. The proposed model demonstrated an acceptable level of fit. Perceived social support enhances job satisfaction among physical education teachers by strengthening their cognitive adaptability. These findings highlight the importance of social and cognitive resources in promoting occupational well-being among teachers in non-governmental educational settings.
subject: Sports Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Job Satisfaction; Perceived Social Support; Cognitive Adaptability; Physical Education Teachers
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammad Ali Nouri
creator: Ali Jalili Shishavan
creator: Mehrangiz Shoaa Kazemi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Ali Nouri (Author); Ali Jalili Shishavan (Corresponding Author); Mehrangiz Shoaa Kazemi (Author)
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.61838/kman.hn.4966

Structural Relationships among Executive Functions and Behavioral Brain Activities with Social Skills of Children with Autism: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies
type: item
description: The purpose of this applied study was to determine the extent of the relationship between executive functions and behavioral brain activities with the social skills of children with autism, mediated by cognitive emotion regulation strategies. In terms of purpose, the study was applied, and in terms of method and nature, it was a descriptive–correlational study using structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of children diagnosed with autism at the Tehran Autism Center. Based on Green’s formula, 235 questionnaires were distributed among the sample using non-random purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Coolidge Executive Function Inventory (2002), the Autism Social Skills Profile by Bellini and Hopf (2007), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire by Garnefski et al. (2001), and the Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation Systems Scale by Carver and White (1994). Structural equation modeling and SmartPLS software (version 3) were used to test the research hypotheses. The findings indicated that executive functions and behavioral brain activities were related both directly to the social skills of children with autism and indirectly through the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies (p < .05). The results can be utilized by centers working with children with autism and by their families to improve these children’s communication skills.
subject: Psychology
  topic: section
subject: Psychology
  topic: category
subject: executive functions
  topic: keywords
subject: behavioral brain activities
  topic: keywords
subject: social skills
  topic: keywords
subject: autistic children
  topic: keywords
subject: emotional cognitive regulation strategies
  topic: keywords
creator: Soudabeh Ershadi Manesh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Soudabeh Ershadi Manesh (Author)
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 12
doi: 10.61838/kman.hn.4869

https://journals.kmanpub.com/index.php/Health-Nexus/article/view/4838
type: item
title: The Effect of Aerobic and Resistance Training on Gut Microbiome Composition and Its Association with Irisin Protein Levels in Aged Mice: The Role of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Clostridium difficile, and Enterococcus faecalis
description: In the aging period, alterations in gut microbiome composition and the decline of myokine proteins—such as irisin—are considered major contributors to metabolic disorders, inflammatory conditions, and muscle weakness. In this context, the role of exercise interventions in simultaneously modulating these two biological indicators has gained increasing attention. The present study aimed to examine the effects of aerobic and resistance training on gut microbiome composition and plasma irisin levels in aged mice, with a focus on three key species: Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Clostridium difficile, and Enterococcus faecalis. This experimental study was conducted over eight weeks on 40 male Wistar rats assigned to five groups: young control, aged without training, sham, aerobic training, and resistance training. Plasma irisin levels were measured using the ELISA method, and the relative abundance of bacteria was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Data were analyzed using multifactorial ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. The results indicated that aerobic and resistance training led to a significant increase in plasma irisin levels in aged mice compared with the inactive group. Resistance training showed the greatest increase. Additionally, the abundance of F. prausnitzii increased in the trained groups, while the abundance of C. difficile and E. faecalis decreased. Composite microbial health indices (F/BAD, F/Cd, F/Ef) also improved significantly. A positive association between irisin levels and microbial ratios was confirmed. The findings suggest that physical exercise—particularly resistance training—can simultaneously enhance gut microbiome composition and myokine status in the elderly. These results support the central role of the “gut–muscle axis” in the physiological response to exercise and provide a basis for designing personalized training interventions in geriatric medicine.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sports Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Public Health
  topic: category
subject: Gut microbiome
  topic: keywords
subject: Irisin
  topic: keywords
subject: Resistance training
  topic: keywords
subject: Aerobic training
  topic: keywords
subject: Aging
  topic: keywords
creator: Maryam Esmaeili Sirchi
creator: Jamshid Banaei Borojeni
creator: Hossein Mojtahedi
creator: Leila Sarrami
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Maryam Esmaeili Sirchi (Author); Jamshid Banaei Borojeni (Corresponding Author); Hossein Mojtahedi, Leila Sarrami (Author)
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 12
doi: 10.61838/kman.hn.4838

Effects of Aerobic Exercise at Different Circadian Phases on p53 Expression and β-Cell Survival in the Pancreas of Type 2 Diabetic NMRI Mice
type: item
description: Circadian rhythms regulate glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells. The tumor suppressor gene p53 is a key molecular regulator of apoptosis and may contribute to β-cell loss in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This study investigates the effects of aerobic exercise performed during different circadian phases on blood glucose, β-cell survival, insulin presence, and p53 gene expression in type 2 diabetic NMRI mice. Thirty male NMRI mice were assigned to six groups: healthy controls (CH-ZT3, CH-ZT15), diabetic controls (CD-ZT3, CD-ZT15), and diabetic exercise groups trained in light (TD-ZT3) or dark phase (TD-ZT15). T2DM was induced via high-fat diet plus low-dose streptozotocin. Aerobic training (50–60% Vmax) was performed for 8 weeks. Pancreatic tissues were analyzed for β-cell survival, insulin immunostaining, and p53 expression via qRT-PCR. Data were evaluated using two-way ANOVA. Exercise significantly reduced glucose levels (p < 0.05), increased β-cell survival (p < 0.0001), and decreased p53 expression (p < 0.0001). Light-phase training (ZT3) produced greater improvements than dark-phase training. A significant interaction between training × circadian phase was found for β-cell percentage and p53 expression (p < 0.01). Aerobic exercise improves β-cell viability and reduces apoptotic signaling in diabetic mice, with circadian phase strongly modulating the benefits. Exercise during the light phase showed superior outcomes, suggesting that timing of physical activity may be an important factor in diabetes management.
subject: Sports Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Sports Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Circadian Rhythm, Aerobic Exercise, Type 2 Diabetes, p53 Gene Expression, Pancreatic β-Cells, NMRI Mice
  topic: keywords
creator: Fatemeh Sepehrinya
creator: Maryam Janbozorgi
creator: Asma Taheri
creator: Masoumeh Hosseinzadeh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Fatemeh Sepehrinya (Author); Maryam Janbozorgi (Corresponding Author); Asma Taheri, Masoumeh Hosseinzadeh (Author)
date: 2026-02-03
publication date: 2026-02-03
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.61838/kman.hn.4828

Evaluation of the Effect of Continuous and Interval Aerobic Training on Survivin Gene Expression and Cytochrome C in Myocardial Tissue of Rats Modeled with Myocardial Infarction
type: item
description: This study aimed to investigate the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (MIHIIT) on Survivin gene expression and Cytochrome C levels in myocardial tissue of rats modeled with myocardial infarction. In this experimental study, 30 adult male Wistar rats (10–12 weeks, 275 ± 25 g) were assigned to five groups: healthy control, sham, myocardial infarction (MI), MICT, and MIHIIT. The MI model was induced through left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion and confirmed by echocardiography. Training protocols were performed for 8 weeks, five sessions per week. The MICT group performed continuous running at moderate intensity (15–23 m/min, 50 minutes), while the MIHIIT group completed interval running consisting of 7 sets of high-intensity bouts (20–28 m/min, 4 minutes) with active recovery periods (11–17 m/min, 3 minutes). Survivin gene expression was measured using RT-qPCR, and Cytochrome C levels were quantified using ELISA. Data were analyzed using MANOVA, ANOVA, and Tukey post-hoc tests. Myocardial infarction caused a significant increase in Cytochrome C levels and a reduction in Survivin expression compared to the healthy and sham groups (p < .001). Both types of aerobic training significantly reversed the infarction-induced alterations; Cytochrome C levels were reduced, and Survivin expression returned to levels comparable to the control group. When comparing the two protocols, interval training (MIHIIT) produced a greater increase in Survivin expression (p ≈ .046), while both exercise types demonstrated similar effects on reducing Cytochrome C. Both continuous and interval aerobic training restore the survival/death balance in myocardial tissue following infarction by reducing oxidative stress and enhancing Survivin expression. These findings reinforce the role of aerobic exercise as an effective non-pharmacological intervention in cardiac rehabilitation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sports Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Public Health
  topic: category
subject: Myocardial infarction
  topic: keywords
subject: aerobic training
  topic: keywords
subject: Survivin
  topic: keywords
subject: Cytochrome C
  topic: keywords
subject: oxidative stress
  topic: keywords
creator: Bahareh Mardani
creator: Saeed Keshavarz
creator: Hossein Mojtahedi
creator: Leila Sarrami
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Bahareh Mardani (Author); Saeed Keshavarz (Corresponding Author); Hossein Mojtahedi, Leila Sarrami (Author)
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.61838/kman.hn.4765

The Role of Biotechnology in the Development of Recombinant Drugs
type: item
description: Biotechnology has emerged as a cornerstone of modern pharmaceutical science, providing the foundation for the discovery, design, and production of recombinant drugs that have transformed global healthcare. This narrative review, using a descriptive analytical approach, explores the conceptual, industrial, and clinical dimensions of recombinant drug development. It begins by outlining the molecular foundations of biotechnology, emphasizing recombinant DNA technology, genetic manipulation, and expression systems that enable large-scale synthesis of therapeutic proteins. Industrial advancements in upstream and downstream processing, including cell line optimization, bioreactor engineering, purification, and formulation, are analyzed to illustrate how biotechnology has evolved into a highly controlled and efficient production platform. The study further examines the integration of automation, digitalization, and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) standards that ensure product safety, consistency, and regulatory compliance. Clinically, recombinant drugs have achieved remarkable success across multiple disciplines, including endocrinology, oncology, hematology, and immunology. Recombinant insulin, monoclonal antibodies, cytokines, and gene therapy products exemplify the therapeutic versatility of these biopharmaceuticals in managing both chronic and rare diseases. The review also highlights emerging applications in neurodegenerative and genetic disorders, where recombinant enzymes and CRISPR-mediated platforms are redefining the boundaries of precision medicine. Despite challenges related to production cost, ethical considerations, and equitable access, recombinant biotechnology continues to expand its impact through innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration. The findings underscore the role of biotechnology as a transformative force that bridges molecular biology and clinical application, offering solutions that enhance safety, specificity, and therapeutic efficacy. …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Emerging Technologies in Health
  topic: category
subject: Biotechnology; Recombinant drugs; Recombinant DNA technology; Biopharmaceuticals; Gene therapy; Monoclonal antibodies.
  topic: keywords
creator: Alaleh Sattari Sobhani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Alaleh Sattari sobhani (Corresponding Author)
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 17
doi: 10.61838/kman.hn.4734

Structural Equation Modeling of the Effect of Sport Mental Energy on Athletic Success: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Flexibility in Iraqi Volleyball Players
type: item
description: The present study aimed to examine the structural relationships between sport mental energy, cognitive flexibility, and athletic success among volleyball players. This research employed a descriptive–correlational design of the cross-sectional type. The statistical population consisted of all male volleyball players in Diwaniyah City, Iraq. A sample of 230 participants was selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires measuring sport mental energy, cognitive flexibility, and athletic success. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 23 through the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. The findings indicated that the proposed conceptual model demonstrated a good fit, and all main and sub-hypotheses were supported. The results showed that sport mental energy had a direct and positive effect on athletic success (path coefficient = 0.352, p < 0.001). Cognitive flexibility also exerted a significant direct effect on athletic success (path coefficient = 0.625, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the mediating role of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between mental energy and athletic success was confirmed. Path analysis revealed that the indirect effect of sport mental energy on success through cognitive flexibility was statistically significant (indirect coefficient = 0.364, p = 0.001). Overall, the results of this study highlight the simultaneous importance of psychological resources (mental energy) and cognitive abilities (flexibility) in enhancing athletes’ performance and success. These findings provide useful guidance for coaches and sport psychologists in designing effective educational and psychological interventions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sports Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Psychology
  topic: category
subject: sport mental energy
  topic: keywords
subject: cognitive flexibility
  topic: keywords
subject: athletic success
  topic: keywords
subject: structural equation modeling
  topic: keywords
subject: volleyball
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammed Kamil Mohammed Alawadi
creator: Zohreh Meshkati
creator: Raafat Abdulhadi Kadhim Alkurdi
creator: Zahra Serjuei
creator: Pezhman Ahmadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammed Kamil Mohammed Alawadi (Author); Zohreh Meshkati (Corresponding Author); Raafat Abdulhadi Kadhim Alkurdi, Zahra Serjuei, Pezhman Ahmadi (Author)
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.61838/kman.hn.3.4.15

Investigating the User Experience of AI Chatbots in Delivering Mental Health Support to Athletes
type: item
description: This study aimed to explore how athletes experience and perceive the use of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots as a source of mental health support, focusing on effectiveness, usability, emotional connection, and limitations. A qualitative exploratory design was employed. Twenty-two athletes from diverse sports disciplines in Malaysia were recruited using purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews conducted online to allow flexible participation and confidentiality. The sample size was guided by theoretical saturation, reached when no new themes emerged. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis. NVivo 14 software supported systematic coding, with open, axial, and selective coding applied iteratively to generate categories and subthemes. Rigor and trustworthiness were ensured through member checking, peer debriefing, and an audit trail. Four main themes emerged: perceived effectiveness of AI chatbots, usability and interaction experience, emotional and relational dynamics, and barriers and limitations. Athletes reported improved mental well-being, reduced competition-related anxiety, and personalized coping strategies. They valued intuitive interfaces, empathetic conversational style, and privacy features, which encouraged engagement and disclosure. Chatbots fostered a sense of trust and emotional validation but sometimes lacked depth and produced repetitive responses. Barriers included occasional technical instability, insufficient long-term personalization, cultural mismatches, and data security concerns. Despite these limitations, participants viewed chatbots as valuable early support tools and stigma-free entry points to mental health care. AI chatbots show promise in enhancing access to psychological support for athletes, offering discreet, immediate, and personalized assistance. However, improving cultural sensitivity, personalization, technical reliability, and d…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Psychology
  topic: category
subject: artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: chatbots
  topic: keywords
subject: user experience
  topic: keywords
subject: mental health support
  topic: keywords
subject: athletes
  topic: keywords
subject: qualitative research
  topic: keywords
subject: sports psychology
  topic: keywords
creator: Syarifah Maisarah
creator: Angel Lee
creator: Nafesa Azzahranisa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Syarifah Maisarah (Corresponding Author); Angel Lee , Nafesa Azzahranisa (Author)
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 9
doi: 10.61838/kman.hn.3.4.14

Assessment of Dietary Intake, Nutritional Status, and Cardiovascular Risk in University Students
type: item
description: This study assessed the eating habits, nutritional status, and cardiovascular risk in university students. The sample consisted of 295 new students (188 female, 107 male) who attended the induction week at the Autonomous University of Occident and met the inclusion criteria: being adults, enrolled in any undergraduate degree offered by the university, and agreeing to participate through informed consent. The data collection consisted of two parts: an initial survey to collect general characteristics and self-reported height and weight, and the measurement of waist and hip circumferences according to the ISAK protocol. Then, a short version of the FFQ was applied to collect dietary information. Data was captured on MS Excel, and mean, standard deviation, frequencies, and 95 % confidence intervals were reported. Statistical tests were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: 38 % of the students are overweight or obese, being higher in men (42 % vs 35.6 % in women). 7.35 % of women and 10.96 % of men presented high WHR, and 33.09 % of women and 35.62 % of men presented high WHRt. Low weekly consumption was found in dairy products (7.13 CI 95 % 6.71 - 7.56), vegetables (5.83 CI 95 % 5.33 - 6.34), and fruits (6.92 CI 95 % 6.43 – 7.42). Processed foods and junk food are highly consumed (8.77 CI 95 % 8.10 - 9.45, and 14.20 CI 95 % 13.20 – 15.20, respectively). Significant correlations were found on weekly consumption of processed foods and junk food (R = 0.765, p < 0.001), processed foods and dairy products (R = 0.436, p<0.001). The findings indicate a high rate of malnutrition among university students, poor intake of healthy foods, and a high consumption of processed and junk food. These inadequate lifestyle habits could be a risk factor for the development of both cardiovascular diseases and NCDs in the long term. Therefore, it is important to emphasize the need for university-level nutritional interventions.
subject: Public Health
  topic: section
subject: Public Health
  topic: category
subject: dietary intake
  topic: keywords
subject: cardiovascular risk
  topic: keywords
subject: university students
  topic: keywords
subject: overweight
  topic: keywords
subject: obesity
  topic: keywords
creator: David Alfonso Zazuelta-Valenzuela
creator: Lucia Leyva Camacho
creator: Astrid Aimeé Retamoza Rubio
creator: Mariela Paz Cassini
creator: Pablo Alejandro Rendon Delcid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Alejandro Rendon, David Alfonso, Mariela Paz, Lucia Leyva Camacho, Astrid Aimeé Retamoza Rubio (Author)
date: 2026-01-20
publication date: 2026-01-20
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.61838/kman.hn.4585

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Short-Term Solution-Focused Therapy on Distress Tolerance in Pregnant Women
type: item
description: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and short-term solution-focused therapy (SFBT) on distress tolerance in pregnant women in 2024. This applied research employed an experimental design with pretest–posttest and follow-up assessments, including a control group. The study population comprised all pregnant women who visited the Comprehensive Health Service Center and obstetrics specialists in Semnan and who became pregnant either naturally or through assisted reproductive methods in 2021 and 2022. Using a convenience sampling method, 66 pregnant women were selected. Data were collected using the standardized Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) by Simons and Gaher (2005) and analyzed with SPSS version 27. The CBT intervention group participated in eight weekly sessions of 90 minutes each, while the SFBT intervention group attended six weekly sessions of 90 minutes each. The control group was placed on a waiting list. The results showed that both CBT and short-term SFBT significantly improved distress tolerance in pregnant women, indicating the effectiveness of both therapeutic approaches. Additionally, no statistically significant difference was found between the two intervention groups regarding their impact on increasing distress tolerance. Based on the findings, both CBT and short-term SFBT were effective in enhancing distress tolerance and demonstrated stable effectiveness over time. Therefore, it is recommended that behavioral therapy practitioners incorporate the results of this study into their therapeutic programs
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Psychology
  topic: category
subject: distress tolerance
  topic: keywords
subject: cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
  topic: keywords
subject: short-term solution-focused therapy (SFBT)
  topic: keywords
subject: pregnant women
  topic: keywords
creator: Farnoosh Irvani
creator: Mustafa Bolghan-Abadi
creator: Ahmad Mansouri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Farnoosh Irvani (Author); Mustafa Bolghan-Abadi (Corresponding Author); Ahmad Mansouri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 12
doi: 10.61838/kman.hn.3.4.13

The Effect of Eight Weeks of Selected Sensorimotor Exercises and Comprehensive Postural Reeducation on Lumbar Lordosis Angle and Postural Control in Women with Lower Crossed Syndrome
type: item
description: This study aimed to compare the effects of an eight-week program of selected sensorimotor exercises and a comprehensive postural reeducation protocol on lumbar lordosis angle and dynamic postural control in women with lower crossed syndrome. This applied, semi-experimental study employed a pretest–posttest design with two intervention groups and one control group. Thirty-six women aged 35–60 years diagnosed with lower crossed syndrome were recruited through purposive and convenience sampling and randomly assigned into three groups: sensorimotor training, comprehensive postural reeducation, and control. The interventions were conducted three times per week for eight weeks; each sensorimotor session lasted 40 minutes and focused on deep trunk activation and proprioceptive training, while postural reeducation sessions lasted 60 minutes and emphasized global myofascial stretching and sagittal alignment. Lumbar lordosis angle was measured using a flexible ruler, and dynamic postural control was assessed with the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) for both dominant and non-dominant legs. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to compare post-intervention outcomes across groups. ANCOVA showed a significant group effect on lumbar lordosis angle (F = 22.45, p < 0.001, η² = 0.59), with both sensorimotor and postural reeducation groups achieving significant reductions compared to the control group, and postural reeducation outperforming sensorimotor training (mean difference = −2.01°, p = 0.032). For dynamic postural control, the sensorimotor group demonstrated significantly greater improvements than the control group in SEBT scores for both dominant (mean difference = 9.25%, p = 0.014) and non-dominant legs (mean difference = 12.47%, p = 0.008), while postural reeducation alone showed no significant advantage over control for balance outcomes. Both interventions improved spinal alignment in women with lower crossed syndrome, while sensorimotor training produ…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sports Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Lower crossed syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: lumbar lordosis
  topic: keywords
subject: postural control
  topic: keywords
subject: sensorimotor training
  topic: keywords
subject: postural reeducation
  topic: keywords
subject: dynamic balance
  topic: keywords
creator: Hadi Miri
creator: Mostafa Soltani
creator: Maryam Nasri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hadi Miri (Corresponding Author); Mostafa Soltani , Maryam Nasri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.61838/kman.hn.3.4.12

The Effect of Neuromuscular Training on Mental Health, Depression, and Quality of Life among Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
type: item
description: The rapid growth of the global aging population has intensified concerns regarding the physical, psychological, and social well-being of older adults, particularly women, as age-related declines in neuromuscular control, balance, and mental health contribute substantially to reduced functional independence and quality of life. Neuromuscular training (NMT) has emerged as a promising multimodal approach to counteract these effects. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a structured six-week NMT program on mental health, depression, and quality of life in older women. This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest–posttest design with a control group. Thirty women aged 60–70 years were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=15) or a control group (n=15). The experimental group participated in an 18-session NMT program over six weeks, while the control group maintained their usual activities. Mental health, depression, and quality of life were measured using the GHQ-28, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires, respectively. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS26, with the level of statistical significance set at P<0.05. Preliminary analyses confirmed baseline equivalence between groups (p>0.05), and all ANCOVA assumptions were met. After the intervention, NMT produced significant improvements in mental health (F (1, 27) =7.93, p<0.001, η²=0.38), depression (F (1, 27) =2.29, p=0.004, η²=0.27), and quality of life (F (1, 27) =10.26, p=0.001, η²=0.32). These findings indicate that NMT accounted for a substantial proportion of variance in the measured outcomes. Neuromuscular training significantly improved mental health and quality of life while reducing depressive symptoms among older women. As a safe, low-cost, and accessible form of exercise, NMT may serve as an effective strategy to promote psychological well-being and healthy aging in this population.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Psychology
  topic: category
subject: Neuromuscular exercises,
  topic: keywords
subject: Mental health,
  topic: keywords
subject: Quality of life,
  topic: keywords
subject: Elderly women
  topic: keywords
creator: Mahboubeh Ghayour Najafabadi
creator: Pooneh Rahmani
creator: Hassan Gharayagh Zandi
creator: Ali Nasiri
creator: Amir Pourreza
creator: Isis Kelly dos Santos
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Pooneh Rahmani, Mahboubeh Ghayour Najafabadi, Hassan Gharayagh Zandi, Ali Nasiri, Amir Pourreza (Author); Isis Kelly dos Santos (Corresponding Author)
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.61838/kman.hn.4489

Effects of Conventional Exercise versus Functional Training on Physical Performance in AJA Students during the Socialization Course: A Quasi-Experimental Study
type: item
description: This study compared the effects of conventional exercise and functional training, implemented during the AJA socialization course, on multiple dimensions of physical performance. A quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test design was employed. Thirty-four male AJA students were randomly assigned to either a conventional exercise group (n = 17) or a functional training group (n = 17). Physical performance was evaluated using the 1-1-1 Army Physical Fitness Test (one-mile run, push-ups, sit-ups), the Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST), and the Y-Balance Test (YBT). Paired-sample t-tests assessed within-group changes, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) examined between-group differences while controlling for baseline values. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Between-group comparisons revealed no significant differences for the one-mile run (p = 0.385, η² = 0.06) or the YBT anterior reach (p = 0.093, η² = 0.07). The functional training group showed significantly greater improvements in YBT posteromedial (p = 0.022, η² = 0.16) and posterolateral (p = 0.001, η² = 0.27) reaches, total YBT score (p = 0.031, η² = 0.34), peak anaerobic power (p = 0.001, η² = 0.36), push-ups (p = 0.017, η² = 0.18), and sit-ups (p = 0.028, η² = 0.16). Functional training produced greater improvements in anaerobic power, dynamic balance, and muscular endurance compared to conventional exercise during the AJA socialization course. Given its superior performance outcomes and potential to reduce musculoskeletal injury risk, functional training should be prioritized in military induction programs to better prepare recruits for advanced training and operational demands.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sports Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Functional Training
  topic: keywords
subject: military fitness
  topic: keywords
subject: anaerobic power
  topic: keywords
subject: dynamic balance
  topic: keywords
subject: Injury Prevention
  topic: keywords
creator: Hamid Omidi
creator: Reza Sabzevari Rad
creator: Amir Shamlou kazemi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Amir Shamlou kazemi (Author); Hamid Omidi (Corresponding Author); Reza Sabzevari Rad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-08
publication date: 2025-11-08
starting page: 1
ending page: 9
doi: 10.61838/kman.hn.3.4.16

Career Termination in Athletes: Identity Loss and Mental Health Strategies
type: item
description: This study examines the psychological and physiological impacts of athletic career termination, focusing on identity loss and mental health trajectories among elite athletes. It evaluates the effectiveness of a multimodal intervention program designed to facilitate post-retirement adjustment through identity reconstruction and lifestyle adaptation strategies. A mixed-methods longitudinal design was employed with 138 retiring elite athletes (72 male, 66 female) across 28 sports disciplines. Participants were assessed at three timepoints (pre-retirement, 3-month, and 12-month post-retirement) using validated measures including the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS-7), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), and physiological markers (cortisol, heart rate variability). The intervention group (n=69) received 18 sessions combining cognitive-behavioral therapy, narrative identity exercises, and lifestyle redesign, while controls (n=69) received standard transition services. Qualitative interviews with 32 participants provided in-depth experiential data. Athletic identity showed a 32% mean reduction (d=1.2) with steepest decline at 3 months post-retirement. Mental health symptoms followed a U-shaped trajectory, peaking at 3 months (depression M=8.7; anxiety M=7.5) before improving. The intervention group demonstrated superior outcomes: 41% lower depression scores among physically active participants (p<0.001) and greater psychological integration (d=0.73). Physiological markers correlated with psychological distress (r=0.47), with faster cortisol normalization (-23% vs -14%) in the intervention group. Individual sport athletes showed 38% identity reduction versus 27% in team sports. Athletic retirement triggers significant identity disruption and mental health challenges, particularly during early transition. Structured interventions addressing identity continuity and lifestyle adaptation effectively mitigate these effects. Sports organizations should implement…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Psychology
  topic: category
subject: athletic retirement
  topic: keywords
subject: identity loss
  topic: keywords
subject: Mental Health
  topic: keywords
subject: transition intervention
  topic: keywords
subject: stress biomarkers
  topic: keywords
creator: Razvan Sandu Enoiu
creator: Felipe Aidar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr Razvan Sandu Enoiu (Corresponding Author); Dr Felipe J. Aidar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.61838/kman.hn.3.4.7

Neurofeedback Training for Sharpening Focus in Precision Sports: A Pilot Study
type: item
description: This study investigates the efficacy of neurofeedback training in enhancing focus and attentional control among athletes in precision sports, examining both neural and behavioral outcomes. A pilot intervention was conducted with [X] competitive athletes (e.g., archers, shooters) who underwent [Y] sessions of EEG-based neurofeedback targeting sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) or theta/beta ratio modulation. Pre- and post-training assessments included quantitative EEG analysis, standardized attention tests (e.g., TOVA), and self-reported focus metrics during simulated competition. A control group engaged in sham neurofeedback to account for placebo effects. Participants receiving active neurofeedback demonstrated significant improvements in SMR amplitude (p<0.05) and theta/beta ratio reduction (p<0.01), correlating with enhanced performance accuracy (15% increase, p<0.05) and faster reaction times. Subjective reports confirmed heightened concentration during high-pressure tasks, whereas the control group showed no statistically meaningful changes. EEG coherence analysis revealed strengthened frontoparietal connectivity, suggesting neuroplastic adaptations underlying cognitive gains. Neurofeedback appears effective in sharpening attentional regulation for precision sports, though individual variability and the need for protocol optimization warrant further investigation. These preliminary findings support integrating neurofeedback into athletic training regimens while highlighting the necessity for larger randomized trials to establish standardized protocols.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sports Sciences
  topic: category
subject: neurofeedback
  topic: keywords
subject: precision sports
  topic: keywords
subject: attentional control
  topic: keywords
subject: EEG
  topic: keywords
subject: cognitive training
  topic: keywords
creator: Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes
creator: Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes (Corresponding Author); Dr Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.61838/kman.hn.3.4.8

Fear of Re-Injury Post-ACL Reconstruction: Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions
type: item
description: This study evaluated the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral interventions, particularly graded exposure therapy, in addressing fear of re-injury among athletes following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, comparing outcomes with traditional cognitive restructuring and standard rehabilitation approaches. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 120 athletes (ages 16-25) at 3-6 months post-ACL reconstruction, randomly assigned to graded exposure (GE), cognitive restructuring (CR), or standard care (SC) groups. The GE protocol incorporated systematic desensitization through sport-specific movements, while CR focused on modifying maladaptive beliefs about re-injury. Primary outcomes included changes in Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11) scores, biomechanical assessments during drop-jump tasks, and return-to-sport rates, measured at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 weeks. The GE group demonstrated superior outcomes, with a 35.3% reduction in fear scores (TSK-11) compared to 33.1% in CR and 22.7% in SC (p < 0.001). Biomechanical improvements, including knee flexion angle and limb symmetry, were significantly greater in GE (p < 0.001). Qualitative findings highlighted enhanced movement confidence and reduced somatic fear in GE participants. Return-to-sport rates were highest in GE (68.9%) versus CR (62.5%) and SC (45.0%) (p = 0.007). Graded exposure therapy emerges as the most effective intervention for reducing fear of re-injury post-ACLR, combining psychological and neuromuscular benefits. These findings support integrating exposure-based protocols into standard rehabilitation programs during early-to-mid recovery phases to optimize both physical and psychological readiness for return to sport.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Psychology
  topic: category
subject: ACL reconstruction
  topic: keywords
subject: fear of re-injury
  topic: keywords
subject: cognitive-behavioral therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: graded exposure
  topic: keywords
subject: return to sport
  topic: keywords
creator: Sameer Badri Al-Mhanna
creator: Moazzam Tanveer
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr Sameer Badri Al-Mhanna (Corresponding Author); Dr Moazzam Tanveer (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 12
doi: 10.61838/kman.hn.3.4.9

Eating Disorders in Female Gymnasts: Cultural Pressures and Psychological Interventions
type: item
description: This study evaluated the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral interventions, particularly graded exposure therapy, in addressing fear of re-injury among athletes following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, comparing outcomes with traditional cognitive restructuring and standard rehabilitation approaches. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 120 athletes (ages 16-25) at 3-6 months post-ACL reconstruction, randomly assigned to graded exposure (GE), cognitive restructuring (CR), or standard care (SC) groups. The GE protocol incorporated systematic desensitization through sport-specific movements, while CR focused on modifying maladaptive beliefs about re-injury. Primary outcomes included changes in Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11) scores, biomechanical assessments during drop-jump tasks, and return-to-sport rates, measured at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 weeks. The GE group demonstrated superior outcomes, with a 35.3% reduction in fear scores (TSK-11) compared to 33.1% in CR and 22.7% in SC (p < 0.001). Biomechanical improvements, including knee flexion angle and limb symmetry, were significantly greater in GE (p < 0.001). Qualitative findings highlighted enhanced movement confidence and reduced somatic fear in GE participants. Return-to-sport rates were highest in GE (68.9%) versus CR (62.5%) and SC (45.0%) (p = 0.007). Graded exposure therapy emerges as the most effective intervention for reducing fear of re-injury post-ACLR, combining psychological and neuromuscular benefits. These findings support integrating exposure-based protocols into standard rehabilitation programs during early-to-mid recovery phases to optimize both physical and psychological readiness for return to sport.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Psychology
  topic: category
subject: eating disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: female gymnasts
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural pressures
  topic: keywords
subject: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: psychological flexibility
  topic: keywords
creator: Luca Paolo Ardigò
creator: Mahdi Fahimi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Luca Paolo Ardigò (Author); Mahdi Fahimi (Corresponding Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.61838/kman.hn.3.4.10

Paralympic Science in the Genomic and Post-Genomic Era: A Historical and Critical Literature Review
type: item
description: Exercise physiology has evolved from exercise biochemistry to sports and exercise genetics and, more recently, to network physiology and complex systems science of exercise: if the former was mostly reductionist, by incorporating cellular and molecular aspects, the latter leverages an integrative approach. Even though exercise physiology has been able to provide impressive insights into the genomic and post-genomic landscape that shapes the human response and adaptation to exercise and training, it has studied mostly able-bodied subjects, failing to include diverse, heterogeneous athletic populations. Only by diversifying athlete cohorts and testing them is it possible to better understand the profound interrelations and interconnections of health status, susceptibility towards injuries and diseases, underlying diseases/impairments, exercise physiology, response and adaptation to exercise, performance traits, and performance-related outcomes. Only by fully embracing pluralism and combining precision with equity, diversity, and inclusion, the “challenge of genomics” for people living with disabilities can be properly addressed and the “historic trauma” between (post-)genomic science and disability can be effectively solved and reconciled, providing the outlook necessary to decipher the molecular foundation of physical performance. In the present review, we will explore the historical evolution of sports genetics/genomics and post-genomics, utilizing a critical approach. More specifically, we will adopt a “critical disability perspective”, according to which disability is conceived as a series of lived, meaningful experiences of people with disabilities, and as social and political constructs and interpretations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sports Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Public Health
  topic: category
subject: paralympic sports
  topic: keywords
subject: genomics and post-genomics
  topic: keywords
subject: sportomics
  topic: keywords
subject: equity
  topic: keywords
subject: diversity
  topic: keywords
subject: inclusion
  topic: keywords
creator: Luca Puce
creator: Kayvan Khoramipour
creator: Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Luca Puce, Kayvan Khoramipour (Author); Nichola Luiggi Braggazi (Corresponding Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.61838/kman.hn.3.4.6