Modeling the Structural Relationships of Adolescent Self-Control within the Family Environment: The Mediating Role of Rumination and the Influence of Parenting Styles, Family Emotional Support, and Cognitive Flexibility

Authors

    Ali Issazadegan * Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. a.esazade@gmail.com
    Mahdi Chitsaz Ph.D. Student, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

Keywords:

Adolescent Self-Control, negative affect , Family Emotional Support, Cognitive Flexibility, Rumination, Structural Equation Modeling

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to examine the structural model of adolescent self-control within the family context, focusing on the contributions of parenting styles, family emotional support, and cognitive flexibility, with rumination as a mediating factor.

Methods and Materials: Using a correlational design, this study targeted a population of adolescents aged 12–18 years attending urban schools in Azarshahr, Iran, in 2023. A sample of 385 adolescents was selected via multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected using validated instruments: the Parenting Styles Questionnaire (Darling & Toyokawa, 1997), Family Emotional Support Scale (Pierce, Sarason, & Sarason, 1991), Cognitive Flexibility Scale (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010), and Rumination Response Scale (Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991). Data analysis was conducted using SmartPLS software, applying structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypothesized model.

Findings: The findings revealed significant direct effects of parenting styles, family emotional support, and cognitive flexibility on adolescent self-control (p < .05, effect size = .2). Rumination significantly mediated the relationships between these factors and self-control, underscoring its role within this dynamic.

Conclusion: The results indicate that fostering positive parenting styles, supportive family environments, and flexible cognitive abilities can enhance adolescent self-control, with reduced rumination serving as a beneficial mediator. This model highlights the potential of family-centered approaches in promoting adolescent self-regulation.

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Published

2025-01-01

Submitted

2024-09-15

Revised

2024-11-21

Accepted

2024-12-02

How to Cite

Issazadegan, A., & Chitsaz, M. (2025). Modeling the Structural Relationships of Adolescent Self-Control within the Family Environment: The Mediating Role of Rumination and the Influence of Parenting Styles, Family Emotional Support, and Cognitive Flexibility. Applied Family Therapy Journal (AFTJ) , 6(1), 61-69. https://journals.kmanpub.com/index.php/aftj/article/view/3348

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