Explaining the Structural Model of the Relationship Between Parental Stress Index and Democratic Parenting Style with the Mediating Role of Wisdom and Sense of Coherence

Freshteh Moeini; Reza Hosseinpour; Alireza Jafari

doi:10.61838/kman.jarac.7.3.2

Authors

Freshteh Moeini PhD student, Department of Psychology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Reza Hosseinpour * Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Social and Cultural Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran. hosseinpour_reza@yahoo.com

Alireza Jafari Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Kish International Branch, Kish, Iran.

https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jarac.7.3.2

Keywords:

Parenting stress, parenting, wisdom, coherence

Abstract

Objective: The present study aimed to examine the structural model of the relationship between parental stress and democratic parenting style with the mediating role of wisdom and sense of coherence.

Methods and Materials: The research method was correlational in terms of design. The statistical population consisted of parents of elementary school students in Tehran during the 2022–2023 academic year, from which 639 individuals were selected through cluster random sampling. Data were collected using the Parental Stress Index (Abidin, 1990), the Ardelt Wisdom Scale (Ardelt, 2003), the Antonovsky Sense of Coherence Scale (Antonovsky, 1993), and the Robinson Authoritative Parenting Questionnaire (Robinson et al., 2001). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and structural equation modeling.

Findings: The results showed a negative relationship between parental stress and democratic parenting style (p < .01). The modeling results indicated that the model had a good fit, and wisdom and sense of coherence were able to mediate the relationship between the parental stress index and parenting style.

Conclusion: Tthe results demonstrated that the variables of parental stress index, wisdom, and sense of coherence have an impact on democratic parenting style.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alishiri, A. (2013). The Effectiveness of Positive Parenting Group Training on Parent-Child Relationships and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms Shiraz University]. https://elmnet.ir/article/10802794-53261/

Aprianti, W. P., Yandri, H., & Vitaloka, W. (2024). Nurturing Emotional Foundations: Investigating the Impact of Parenting Style and Parenting Stress on Early Childhood Emotional Well-Being. Al-Athfaal: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7(1), 14-30. https://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/al-athfaal/article/view/21109

Babakri, H., Tahmasebi, S., & Amani, S. (2018). Adaptation and Standardization of the Parenting Stress Index on Mothers of Children in Tehran. Journal of Cognitive Psychology and Psychiatry, 5(4), 29-39. https://doi.org/10.29252/shenakht.5.4.29

Chang, F., Wu, H. X., Ching, B. H. H., Li, X., & Chen, T. T. (2023). Behavior Problems in Deaf/Hard-of-Hearing Children: Contributions of Parental Stress and Parenting Styles. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 35(4), 607-630. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-022-09869-2

Crnic, K. A., & Coburn, S. S. (2020). Stress and Parenting. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003136811-3

Darbani, S. A., & Parsakia, K. (2023). Investigating the effectiveness of strength-based counseling on adolescent resilience. Journal of Adolescent and Youth Psychological Studies (JAYPS), 4(5), 169-175. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jayps.4.5.16

Eini, S., Ebadi, M., & Hashemi, Z. (2020). COVID-19 Anxiety in Nurses: The Predictive Role of Perceived Social Support and Sense of Coherence. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology (Thought and Behavior), 26(3 (Special Issue on COVID-19)), 320-331. https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.26.3436.1

Fazeli, N., Soleimani Farsani, S., Farmani, F., Vakili, Y., & Elanloo, H. (2022). The Effectiveness of Narrative Therapy on Psychological Capital and Sense of Coherence in the Spouses of Individuals Undergoing Addiction Treatment. Addiction Research, 16(64), 197-218. https://doi.org/10.52547/etiadpajohi.16.64.197

Festy, P., Km, S., Priska, I. R., Reliani, S. K., Rofiqi, E., Ns, M. K., & Annisa'Wigati Rozifa, S. K. (2022). Education, Income and Parenting Patterns in Relation to Toddler Temper Tantrum Incidents and Parents Using Smartphones. Gaceta Médica De Caracas, 130(1s), 137-142. https://doi.org/10.47307/GMC.2022.130.s1.25

Folorunsho, S., Ajayi, V., & Abdulrazaq, O. (2024). Juvenile Delinquency as a Contemporary Issue in Nigeria: Unraveling the Impact of Parenting Styles and Family Structures. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202401.1659.v1

Fonseca, A., Moreira, H., & Canavarro, M. C. (2020). Uncovering the Links Between Parenting Stress and Parenting Styles: The Role of Psychological Flexibility Within Parenting and Global Psychological Flexibility. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 18, 59-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.08.004

Harahap, K., & Sahputra, D. (2023). Democratic Parenting of Single-Parent Men and Women in Instilling Social Interaction in Children. Scaffolding: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam dan Multikulturalisme, 5(2), 95-109. https://doi.org/10.37680/scaffolding.v5i2.2774

Hartini, P. K. N. (2020). The Relationship Between Sense of Coherence and Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342043965_The_Relationship_between_Sense_of_Coherence_and_Parenting_Stress_in_Mothers_of_Children_with_Autism_Spectrum_Disorder

Hidayatullah, N., Sinring, A., & Latif, S. (2023). The Relationship Between Democratic Parenting, Learning Motivation with Learning Outcomes of Elementary School Students. Pinisi Journal of Education, 3(2), 315-322. https://civilica.com/doc/625790/certificate/print/

Işık, E. (2021). Examination of Behavioral Problems in Early Childhood in Terms of Various Variables. Uludağ University Faculty of Arts and Sciences Journal of Social Sciences, 22(40), 183-226. https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.854768

Khatua, C. (2021). Effects of Father-Based Intervention on Parental Style, Stress, Sense of Coherence, and Coping in Parents of Children with Autism Central Institute of Psychiatry (India)]. https://journals.ekb.eg/article_305546_0847bf90b05ac5dbc10c034201f4683f.pdf

Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. Guilford Publications. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2015-56948-000

Konaszewski, K., Kolemba, M., & Niesiobędzka, M. (2021). Resilience, Sense of Coherence and Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Stress Coping Style Among University Students. Current Psychology, 40, 4052-4062. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00363-1

Lima-Quezada, A., Valencia-Ortiz, A. I., & García-Cruz, R. (2024). Factors Associated with Mental Health and Mental Disorders in Childhood: Ecosocial and Ecological Models for Public Health Policies. Mexican Journal of Medical Research ICSA. https://doi.org/10.29057/mjmr.v12i23.10934

Liman, B., & Köksoy, A. M. (2021). Examining Parents' Ways of Coping with Their Children's Problem Behaviors and Their Perceptions of Causality. Education Quarterly Reviews, 4(Special Issue 1: Primary and Secondary Education), 513-526. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1993.04.02.263

Moghadam, M., & Ghamarani, A. (2022). Development of a Wise Parenting Package Based on the Teachings of Imam Ali and Evaluation of its Effect on the Parent-Child Relationship and Symptoms of Internalized Behavior Problems in Female Children. Journal of Applied Psychological Research, 12(4), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.22059/japr.2022.319344.643763

PourTaheri, F., & Azad Disfani, Z. (2020). Psychometric Properties of the Short Form Wisdom Scale in Student Teachers. Research in educational sciences and counseling, 6(12), 155-173. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=545064

Rambe, D. Y., Fadhilah, R., & Darmayanti, N. (2023). The Relationship Between Democratic Parenting Pattern of Parents and Self-Efficiency with Students' Learning Motivation of SMPIT Al Hijrah Deli Serdang Sea. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 3(6), 1904-1913. https://radjapublika.com/index.php/IJERLAS/article/view/1128

Rejali, H., & Yousefi, Z. (2021). Prediction of the Relationship with the Spouse Based on Wisdom and Thought Control Strategies and the Moderating Role of the Dimensions of Family Relationships and Triangulation in Married Women. Applied Family Therapy Journal (AFTJ), 2(1), 126-142. https://journals.kmanpub.com/index.php/aftj/article/view/412

Rollè, L., Prino, L. E., Sechi, C., Vismara, L., Neri, E., Polizzi, C., & Brustia, P. (2017). Parenting Stress, Mental Health, Dyadic Adjustment: A Structure Equation Model. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 839. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00839

Sanvictores, T., & Mendez, M. D. (2022). Types of Parenting Styles and Effects on Children. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568743/

Sarfika, R., Zein, G. F., Andreni, R., Refnandes, R., & Saifudin, I. M. M. Y. (2024). Comparing Parenting Styles: Their Influence on Adolescent's Internet Addiction. Healthcare in Low-resource Settings, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/hls.2023.11932

Sawada, I., Kishi, R., & Maruyama, T. (2021). Can Sense of Coherence Indicate Resilience and Mitigate the Cycle of Violence in Parenting? Open Journal of Nursing, 11(9), 728-741. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2021.119062

Tippe, J. (2018). Parenting and Practical Wisdom: Moral Decision-Making in Disciplinary Practice. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349425865_Using_practical_wisdom_to_facilitate_ethical_decision-making_a_major_empirical_study_of_phronesis_in_the_decision_narratives_of_doctors

Zare Mazloom, M., Ardelt, M., Asadi, S., & Dehghani, F. (2024). Parents' Wisdom and Adolescents' Cognitive, Social, and Emotional Developmental Qualities. Journal of Family Issues. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X231155650