The structural Model of Social Well-Being based on Social Responsibility with the Mediating Role of Perceived Social Support in HIV Patients
Abstract
This research was conducted with the aim of developing a causal model of social well-being based on social responsibility with the mediating role of perceived social support in HIV patients. The cross-sectional research method is correlational. The statistical population of the present study included patients with HIV who referred to behavioral counseling centers in Alborz province in 1400, 400 people were selected by available and voluntary sampling. In this research, tools of social well-being (Keys, 1998), social responsibility (Carroll, 2008) and perceived social support (Zimmet et al., 1988) were used. In order to analyze the data, SPSS-V25 and Smart PLS software were used. Also, in order to respond to the research hypotheses, structural equation modeling was used. The research findings showed that the model has a good fit. The results showed that social responsibility has a direct effect on the social well-being of HIV patients. Social responsibility has an indirect effect on the social well-being of HIV patients through perceived social support. Due to the fact that a person's satisfaction with the social support of the family prevents mental helplessness and as a result better social efficiency and a greater sense of responsibility for the health of the society, and because in this survey most of the researched units had weak social support, it is recommended by informing and educating the family of the affected; To improve the social welfare of these patients.
Introduction
The family is the first social institution and the smallest unit of society, and since it is also the first source of learning, it plays a decisive role in the success rate of people; Therefore, damages that lead to the failure of this social institution can lead to many problems in society (Zhu & Xing, 2021). One of the damages that exposes families to collapse is the phenomenon of extramarital relationships (Yuan & Visser, 2019). Muller and Wessler (2015) consider extramarital relations to be sexual or emotional acts outside the family framework that violate trust and legal agreements between couples. Considering the many damages that extramarital relationships bring to families and society, researchers have always sought to identify factors that are effective in the tendency of some people to such relationships (Navabinejad et al., 2023).
Factors that can facilitate the attitude towards extramarital relationships will also increase related behaviors. One of the factors that is mentioned as facilitating the attitude towards extramarital relationships is the level of tendency and use of virtual networks. The American Psychiatric Association has defined Internet addiction as a pattern of Internet use that causes functional impairment and is accompanied by unpleasant internal states over a two-month period (American Psychiatric Association, 2020). Many experts believe that the increase in the prevalence of extramarital relationships should not be ignored due to the expansion of the use of virtual networks.
Another factor that can facilitate the attitude towards extramarital relationships is excitement. According to Zuckerman (2015), sensation-seeking behavior is a need for new, diverse and complex emotions and experiences, and a person who has such behavior is willing to perform risky social or physical actions to obtain such experiences.
There are some factors that can prevent the attitude towards marital infidelity; Self-control is one of the variables that can reduce the attitude towards marital infidelity. Self-control is an intrapersonal conflict between reason and desire, between cognition and motivation, and between internal planning and internal acting (Rachlin, 1995).
The review of the background of the research shows that most of the researches conducted in relation to the variables of the present research were not related to women having extramarital relationships or were conducted sporadically, and no studies were found that examined the relationships between these variables in relation to each other. Based on this, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of addiction to virtual networks, sensation seeking and self-control in predicting the attitude towards marital infidelity in women with extramarital relationships.
Method
The statistical population of the research included women with extramarital relationships who visited 7 counseling centers in Tehran in 1400-1399 and their number was 273. 216 people who met the inclusion criteria answered the research questionnaires using the accessible sampling method. Research tools included Young Internet Addiction Questionnaire (1999), Jeffrey Arendt Excitement Questionnaire (1992), Tangier Self-Control (2004), and Mark Whatley (2006) Attitudes Toward Marital Infidelity. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression.
Results
There is a significant positive relationship between the variables of addiction to virtual networks and sensation seeking with attitude towards marital infidelity (P<0.01) and there is a significant negative relationship between self-control and attitude towards marital infidelity (P<0.01). Considering that there is an acceptable correlation between the studied variables and the correlation between predictor variables is less than 0.7, therefore, the assumption of correlation and collinearity has been correctly observed. In order to investigate multiple collinearity, we focused on collinearity statistics. Durbin-Watson's test (W=1.76) showed that the residuals are not correlated with each other. Therefore, the assumption of independent errors is also maintained (Table 2). The linear statistics showed (Table 3) that none of the tolerance data is close to zero and the VIF values are less than 10, so the assumption of multicollinearity is also valid. In order to investigate the role of predictor variables (virtual networks, sensation seeking and self-control) in predicting the criterion variable (attitude towards marital infidelity), multiple regression test was used simultaneously.
The regression model is able to explain about 49% of the criterion variable (adjusted R2=0.485) and significantly predicts the criterion variable (F=68.62, P=0.001).
The regression coefficients of sensation seeking, self-control, and virtual reality addiction are significant (P<0.001) and these variables contribute significantly to the model. Multiple correlation (0.702) shows that approximately 49% of the variance of the attitude towards marital infidelity is explained by the linear combination of predictor variables (excitement, self-control and addiction to virtual sex). (R=0.702, R2=0.493 and adjusted R2=0.485). Self-control had a greater contribution in predicting and explaining the attitude towards marital infidelity.
Conclusion
The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of addiction to virtual networks, sensation seeking and self-control in predicting the attitude towards marital infidelity in women with extramarital relationships. The results showed that 49% of the variance of the attitude towards marital infidelity is explained by the linear combination of the variables of sensation seeking, self-control and addiction to virtual charms. Self-control had a greater contribution in predicting and explaining the attitude towards marital infidelity. Thus, self-control was a stronger predictor for explaining the attitude towards marital infidelity in women with extramarital relationships.
In sum, the findings of the research showed that addiction to virtual networks, sensation seeking and self-control can predict the attitude towards marital infidelity in women with extramarital relationships. This research has provided a deep insight into the relationship between addiction to virtual networks, sensation seeking and self-control in women with extramarital relationships. This issue can create a clear perspective for psychologists, counselors and in general for people who are working in the field of reducing harm related to the family. The current research, like other researches, was accompanied by limitations, which can be mentioned as the use of questionnaire as the only research tool, the lack of control of intervening variables, and the limitation of the research community to Tehran, which shows the need for caution in generalizing the results. Using other methods of measuring research variables and checking the generalizability of the model fitted in this research to other sample groups can increase the external validity of the findings. Therefore, it is suggested to conduct research on other samples of society.
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