E-ISSN: 3041-9026 Director-in-Charge: Dr. Nadereh Saadati Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Amelia Rizzo Associate editor: Dr. Sefa Bulut Owner: KMAN Research Institute Publisher: KMAN Publication Inc. (KMANPUB) Contact email: psychnexus@kmanpub.com / kmanpsychnexus@gmail.com Open access: YES KMAN Counseling and Psychology Nexus stands as a pioneering megajournal in the field of psychology, offering an innovative approach to scholarly publishing. It uniquely combines both open peer-review and double-blind anonymous peer-review processes, ensuring the highest standards of academic rigor and transparency. KMAN Counseling and Psychology Nexus invites researchers and practitioners to contribute to these dynamic fields. Each section is open for new submissions, welcoming innovative and impactful research that advances the understanding of various psychological disciplines. Authors are encouraged to share their insights and discoveries, contributing to the rich tapestry of knowledge in the realm of psychological science. Sections and Focus Areas: Health Psychology: This section is dedicated to manuscripts exploring the interplay between psychological factors and physical health. It emphasizes research aimed at understanding how psychological variables impact physical well-being and developing interventions to enhance health and wellness. Clinical Psychology: Focusing on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illnesses and emotional disorders, this section encourages manuscripts that delve into the causes and mechanisms of mental illnesses and propose effective intervention strategies. Rehabilitation Counseling: Manuscripts in this section concentrate on enhancing the quality of life for individuals with disabilities. The focus is on overcoming barriers in various life aspects, including employment and education, and promoting independence and self-sufficiency. Educational Psychology and Counseling: This section invites research that aids students in achieving academic and personal success. Key areas include strategies for improving study skills, time management, and the development of social and emotional skills crucial for school success and beyond. Family and Couple Therapy: This section is divided into two sub-areas: Family Therapy: Research here aims to enhance family communication, resolve conflicts, and understand the dynamics of healthy family functioning. Couple Therapy: Manuscripts should focus on improving communication and resolving conflicts in romantic relationships, exploring the elements that contribute to healthy relationship dynamics. Occupational and Organizational Counseling: This section looks for manuscripts that address the well-being and productivity of employees, focusing on creating positive work environments, employee wellness, and the impact of work-related stress. Developmental Psychology: Dedicated to understanding the lifelong changes in individuals, this section seeks manuscripts that explore psychological, cognitive, and social development from infancy to adulthood, including influences like language acquisition, emotional and social development, and the role of cultural and societal factors. Individuals with Special Needs: This section focuses on the development of communication skills, emotional regulation, social interaction, and adaptive learning strategies. Additionally, these studies explore the impact of environmental factors, such as family dynamics and educational settings, on the psychological well-being of individuals with special needs. The goal is to develop tailored interventions that enhance the quality of life, foster independence, and support the integration of individuals with special needs into society. KMANCPN publishes two issues per year, with occasional special issues coming in addition. About the Publisher Publisher: KMAN Publication Inc. Publisher Office: Unit 5‑10825 Yonge St, Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada, L4C 3E3 https://journals.kmanpub.com Email: kmanpu@kmanpub.com Telegram: +1 (647) 656‑4401 | WhatsApp: +1 (437) 429‑3507 Germany Office: Dratelnstrasse, Wohnung A60, 21119 Hamburg, Germany (+4915207720487)
The Effectiveness of Islamic Spirituality Training on Academic Well-Being, Achievement Motivation, and Academic Affect
The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Islamic spirituality training on academic well-being, achievement motivation, and academic affect among high school students in Tehran. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with pretest, posttest, and follow-up stages using a control group. The statistical population consisted of high school students in Tehran during the 2025–2026 academic year. A total of 48 students were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned into an experimental group (n = 24) and a control group (n = 24). The experimental group participated in eight weekly sessions of Islamic spirituality training, each lasting 90 minutes, while the control group received no intervention. Data collection instruments included the Academic Well-Being Questionnaire, the Hermans Achievement Motivation Questionnaire, and the Academic Affect Scale. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc tests in SPSS-27 software. The results of repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated that Islamic spirituality training had a significant effect on academic well-being (F = 60.41, p = 0.001, η² = 0.57), achievement motivation (F = 55.92, p = 0.001, η² = 0.55), and academic affect (F = 65.12, p = 0.001, η² = 0.60). Bonferroni post-hoc comparisons demonstrated significant differences between pretest and posttest scores as well as between pretest and follow-up scores in the experimental group across all variables (p = 0.001). The findings showed that students who participated in the Islamic spirituality training program experienced increased academic well-being, stronger achievement motivation, and more positive academic affect compared to the control group, and these improvements remained relatively stable during the follow-up stage. The findings suggest that Islamic spirituality training is an effective educational and psychological intervention for improving students’ academic well-being, achievement motivation, and academic affect.
Copyright (c) 2026 Moslem Bamari , Zeynab Rashidizadeh (Author); Mohammad Elahi (Corresponding Author)
The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychological Symptoms and Dysfunctional Attitudes in Maladjusted Couples Referred to Counseling and Psychological Services Centers
The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on psychological symptoms and dysfunctional attitudes among maladjusted couples referred to counseling and psychological services centers. The present study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group. The statistical population consisted of maladjusted couples referred to counseling centers in Tehran in 2026. A total of 32 participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 16) and a control group (n = 16). Data were collected using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) developed by Lovibond and Lovibond and the Dysfunctional Attitudes Questionnaire developed by Weissman and Beck. The experimental group received Acceptance and Commitment Therapy over 8 weeks in the form of weekly 90-minute sessions, while the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in IBM SPSS Statistics version 27. The results of covariance analysis demonstrated that, after controlling for pretest scores, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy had a statistically significant effect on psychological symptoms among maladjusted couples (F = 21.678, p < 0.001, η² = 0.512). The findings also indicated that ACT significantly reduced dysfunctional attitudes in the experimental group compared to the control group (F = 26.378, p < 0.001, η² = 0.522). The posttest mean scores of psychological symptoms and dysfunctional attitudes in the experimental group were significantly lower than the corresponding pretest scores, whereas no significant changes were observed in the control group. The findings of the present study suggest that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is an effective intervention for reducing psychological symptoms and dysfunctional attitudes among maladjusted couples.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fatemeh Sanaei Moghadam , Fatemeh Zahra Mohammadzadeh Saraei , Mobina Arab (Author); Parastoo Ahmadi portesiyeh (Corresponding Author); Mahsa Esmaeili Esfandani (Author)
The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Distress Tolerance in Students with High Academic Stress
The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on difficulties in emotion regulation and distress tolerance among students with high academic stress. This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest–posttest design and a two-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population consisted of students at Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch during the 2024–2025 academic year. After administering the Gadzella Student-Life Stress Inventory, students who obtained scores of 188 and above were identified as individuals with high academic stress. Subsequently, 30 eligible students were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental group and a control group, with 15 participants in each group. The experimental group received Acceptance and Commitment Therapy during 10 sessions of 90 minutes each, whereas the control group received no intervention during this period. Data were collected using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and the Distress Tolerance Scale. Data analysis was performed using the independent samples t-test, Fisher’s exact test, and two-way repeated measures analysis of variance in IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. The results indicated that the experimental and control groups did not differ significantly in terms of demographic characteristics. Furthermore, the results of the two-way repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated that the interaction effect of group and time on difficulties in emotion regulation and distress tolerance was significant. Based on mean comparisons, scores for difficulties in emotion regulation decreased from pretest to posttest in the experimental group, while distress tolerance scores increased. These changes remained largely stable at the two-month follow-up stage, whereas no substantial changes were observed in the control group. Based on the findings of the study, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy can reduce difficulties in emotion regulation and increase distress tolerance in students with high academic stress. Therefore, the use of this approach in university counseling centers may be beneficial in helping students manage negative emotions and enhance their ability to tolerate stressful academic situations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Roghayeh Mahmoud Soltani (Corresponding Author); Nahid Foroozeshfar , Fariborz Samirigi (Author)
Predicting the Quality of Life of Mothers of Children with Special Needs Based on Stress-Coping Strategies and Level of Acceptance
The aim of the present study was to predict the quality of life of mothers of children with special needs based on stress-coping strategies and parental acceptance. This study was descriptive-correlational and was conducted using a cross-sectional method. The statistical population included all mothers of children with special needs, among whom 270 individuals were accessible, and 159 were selected as the research sample. The instruments used included the Quality of Life Questionnaire for Families of Children with Intellectual Disabilities, the Coping Strategies Questionnaire by Lazarus and Folkman (1988), and the Parental Acceptance Questionnaire (2002). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multivariate regression analysis. The results showed that problem-focused coping strategies and parental acceptance had a positive and significant relationship with quality of life, whereas emotion-focused coping strategies had a negative and significant relationship with quality of life. The results of the regression analysis also indicated that parental acceptance, problem-focused coping strategies, and emotion-focused coping strategies significantly predicted mothers’ quality of life, with parental acceptance being the strongest predictor of quality of life. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that strengthening psychological acceptance and teaching adaptive coping strategies can play an important role in improving the quality of life of mothers of children with special needs. Therefore, designing and implementing educational programs and psychological interventions aimed at increasing acceptance and enhancing coping skills can contribute to improving the mental health and quality of life of these mothers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fatemeh Torabi Talatapeh (Corresponding Author)
Effectiveness of Sociodrama Intervention on Specific Phobic Fear and Involuntary Reactions in Children with a Secure Psychological Safe Haven
The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of sociodrama intervention on specific phobic fear and involuntary reactions in children with a secure psychological safe haven. This study employed a quasi-experimental method with a two-group pretest–posttest design. The statistical population consisted of all children with a secure psychological safe haven in Tehran who had referred to the Andisheh Kian Talent Identification Institute in 2025. In the present study, 24 children with a secure psychological safe haven were selected using a purposive non-random sampling method and were then randomly assigned into an experimental group (n = 12) and a control group (n = 12). The experimental group participated in ten 120-minute sociodrama intervention sessions, and ultimately, after attrition, 11 participants successfully completed the treatment process. In contrast, the control group received no intervention. It should be noted that, in order to maintain equivalence between the experimental and control groups, a number of participants equal to the attrition rate in the experimental group were randomly removed from the control group as well. In this study, the revised version of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) and the Children’s Anxiety Scale were used. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The findings indicated that there was a significant difference between the posttest mean scores of the experimental and control groups, and that the sociodrama intervention significantly improved specific phobic fear and involuntary reactions. Therefore, sociodrama intervention was effective in improving specific phobic fear and involuntary reactions in children with a secure psychological safe haven.
children with a secure psychological safe haven
Copyright (c) 2026 Mahsa Marzban (Author); Mehryar Anasseri (Corresponding Author)
Predicting Marital Conflict Based on Mindfulness, Communication Patterns, and Emotional Intelligence in Married Students
The present study aimed to predict marital conflict based on mindfulness, communication patterns, and emotional intelligence among married students. Methods and Materials: The present study employed an applied descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population consisted of all married students at Islamic Azad University during the 2024–2025 academic year. Using convenience sampling, 195 participants were initially selected, and after excluding incomplete questionnaires, data from 180 participants were analyzed. Data collection instruments included the Marital Conflicts Questionnaire developed by Barati and Sanaei (1996), the short form of the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (2006), the Communication Patterns Questionnaire developed by Christensen and Sullaway (1984), and the Schering Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (1995). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis in SPSS. The results indicated that mindfulness (r = -0.278, p < .001), constructive mutual communication patterns (r = -0.216, p < .01), and emotional intelligence (r = -0.162, p < .05) were significantly and negatively associated with marital conflict. In contrast, demand/withdraw communication patterns (r = 0.151, p < .05) and mutual avoidance communication patterns (r = 0.155, p < .05) showed significant positive relationships with marital conflict. Furthermore, the regression analysis demonstrated that mindfulness (β = -0.166, p < .05), demand/withdraw communication pattern (β = 0.154, p < .05), constructive mutual communication pattern (β = -0.166, p < .05), mutual avoidance communication pattern (β = 0.386, p < .001), and emotional intelligence (β = -0.338, p < .001) significantly predicted marital conflict. The overall regression model was statistically significant (F = 9.925, p < .001) and explained 20% of the variance in marital conflict among married students (Adjusted R² = 0.200). The findings suggest that mindfulness, emotional intelligence, and constructive communication patterns function as protective factors against marital conflict among married students, whereas maladaptive communication patterns such as demand/withdraw interactions and mutual avoidance increase the likelihood of relational tension.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jafar Kardan (Corresponding Author); Fakher Biglaryan, Roghayeh Mohammadi Achacheloi (Author)
Relationship Between Nomophobia, Depression, and Anxiety in Adolescents
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between nomophobia, depression, and anxiety among male adolescents aged 12 to 18 years in high schools of Sabzevar County. In terms of purpose, this study was fundamental research, and in terms of methodology, it employed a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population included male adolescents aged 12 to 18 years attending high schools in Sabzevar County during the 2023–2024 academic year. According to statistics provided by the Ministry of Education of this city, the population consisted of 1,031 students. A total of 278 participants were selected through non-probability convenience sampling based on the Morgan table. The research instruments included the Nomophobia Questionnaire developed by Yildirim and Correia (2015), the Aaron T. Beck Depression Inventory (1978), and the Aaron T. Beck Anxiety Inventory (1988). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous regression analysis. The results indicated that students’ depression and anxiety were predicted by the nomophobia variable (p < .001). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that depression and anxiety may result from changes in the nomophobia variable among male adolescents aged 12 to 18 years in high schools of Sabzevar County.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mina Behjatipour (Author); Hassan Abdi (Corresponding Author); Abulqasem Pyadeh-Kohsar (Author)
Design of an Emotion-Focused Painting Training Program and Evaluation of Its Effectiveness on Autism Symptoms in Children with High-Functioning Autism
The present study aimed to design an emotion-focused painting training program and evaluate its effectiveness on autism symptoms in children with high-functioning autism. The research method was quasi-experimental, employing a pretest–posttest design with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population consisted of children diagnosed with high-functioning autism, aged 10 to 18 years, in Karaj in 2025. From this population, 30 participants were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). The training program was implemented for the experimental group in 10 sessions, each lasting 45 to 60 minutes (two sessions per week). The research instrument included the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS-3). Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance with SPSS version 26. The results indicated that the mean scores of autism symptoms in the experimental group significantly decreased compared to the control group at both posttest and follow-up stages (p < .001). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the emotion-focused painting training program, emphasizing the identification, expression, and regulation of emotions through painting, was effective in reducing autism symptoms in children with high-functioning autism, and this effect remained stable over time. The use of this program as a complementary intervention in rehabilitation centers and special education schools is recommended.
Copyright (c) 2026 Farzaneh Khaki Seddigh (Author); Leila Kashani Vahid (Corresponding Author); Samira Vakili, Elham Hakimiraad (Author)
Development of a Native Educational Package for Marital Life Enrichment Based on the Lived Experiences of Successful Couples
The present study aimed to develop a culturally grounded educational package for marital life enrichment based on the lived experiences of successful couples. This study was conducted using a qualitative research design grounded in a phenomenological approach integrated with constructivist grounded theory. The research population included successful couples residing in Shahrekord in 2023, from whom 15 couples were selected through purposive sampling based on theoretical saturation. Data were collected using semi-structured, in-depth interviews, each lasting between 40 and 120 minutes, and transcribed verbatim for analysis. The analytical process followed Charmaz’s grounded theory approach, including open, axial, and selective coding, with constant comparative analysis guiding the development of categories and themes. To ensure rigor and trustworthiness, strategies such as member checking, peer debriefing, and external auditing by six experts were employed. Inter-coder reliability was also assessed using independent coders. Following the qualitative phase, the extracted categories were used to design an educational package, which was subsequently evaluated by 13 experts in family counseling using the Content Validity Index (CVI), with a minimum agreement threshold of 0.80 considered acceptable. The findings resulted in the identification of nine core domains of marital life enrichment, including ethical orientation, emotional security, communication and conflict management, intimacy and affection, individual and relational growth, family role functioning, shared identity, spiritual transcendence, and resilience. These domains were systematically organized into a structured nine-session educational protocol. The expert evaluation demonstrated high content validity across all components, with CVI values ranging from 0.83 to 0.91 and an overall CVI of 0.87, indicating strong agreement regarding the relevance, structure, and adequacy of the developed package. The study provides a comprehensive and culturally grounded framework for marital life enrichment, demonstrating that successful marital relationships are shaped by a dynamic integration of ethical, emotional, communicative, structural, and spiritual factors, and suggesting that the developed educational package is a valid and applicable tool for enhancing marital quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Soheila Bagheri (Author); Nazanin Honarparvaran (Corresponding Author); Yahya Yarahmadi (Author)
The Relationship Between Gender Schema and Dysfunctional Sexual Beliefs with the Mediating Role of Psychological Hardiness in Women
The present study aimed to examine the relationship between gender schema and dysfunctional sexual beliefs with the mediating role of psychological hardiness in married women. This study employed a descriptive-correlational design using structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population consisted of all married women aged 30 to 40 years working in official and governmental bank branches in Bushehr in 2025. A sample of 266 participants was selected through convenience sampling based on Cochran’s formula. Data were collected using the Dysfunctional Sexual Beliefs Questionnaire (SDBQ), the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), and the Ahvaz Psychological Hardiness Inventory (APHI). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 28 for descriptive statistics and correlation and regression analyses, and AMOS software for testing the structural model and mediating effects. The results indicated that masculinity (β = 0.22, p = 0.017) and femininity (β = 0.26, p = 0.010) had positive and significant effects on dysfunctional sexual beliefs, while the effect of neutral gender schema was not significant (β = -0.09, p = 0.212). Masculinity (β = -0.34, p = 0.010) and femininity (β = -0.28, p = 0.010) had significant negative effects on psychological hardiness, whereas neutral traits showed no significant effect (β = 0.08, p = 0.432). Psychological hardiness had a significant negative effect on dysfunctional sexual beliefs (β = -0.39, p = 0.010). Additionally, the indirect effects of masculinity (β = 0.13, p = 0.050) and femininity (β = 0.11, p = 0.050) on dysfunctional sexual beliefs through psychological hardiness were significant, while the indirect effect of neutral traits was not significant (β = -0.03, p = 0.268). The findings highlight the significant role of gender schema dimensions and psychological hardiness in shaping dysfunctional sexual beliefs, emphasizing that psychological hardiness partially mediates the relationships between masculinity and femininity with dysfunctional sexual beliefs, and suggesting that enhancing resilience and promoting flexible gender schemas may reduce maladaptive sexual beliefs in women.
Copyright (c) 2026 Soodabeh Sarkhosh (Author); Naser Amini (Corresponding Author); Moloud Keykhosrovani (Author)
Presenting a Model of the Effect of Cognitive Bias on Mental Health and Quality of Life in Elderly Women with the Mediating Role of Mindfulness
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive bias on mental health and quality of life in elderly women, with the mediating role of mindfulness. This research is applied in purpose, quantitative in approach, and descriptive-survey in design. The statistical population consisted of Iranian elderly women aged over 60 years. Based on G*Power software calculations and using convenience and purposive sampling methods, 129 participants were selected. Data collection instruments included the Mindfulness Questionnaire by Brown et al. (2007), the Quality of Life Questionnaire by Ware and Sherbourne (1992), the Cognitive Bias Questionnaire by Woody et al. (1997), and the General Health Questionnaire by Goldberg (1972). For data analysis, in addition to descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests, structural equation modeling, and the Sobel test were employed. All analyses were conducted using SPSS version 23 and SmartPLS version 3.1.1 at a significance level of 0.05. The results indicated that the research model demonstrated a good fit. Cognitive bias had a significant negative effect on mental health (t = 4.698, p = 0.001), quality of life (t = 5.681, p = 0.001), and mindfulness (t = 11.016, p = 0.001) among elderly women. Moreover, mindfulness had a significant positive effect on mental health (t = 2.930, p = 0.004) and quality of life (t = 6.681, p = 0.001). The findings also showed that mindfulness plays a significant mediating role in reducing the effect of cognitive bias on mental health (z = −6.019, p = 0.001) and quality of life (z = −8.527, p = 0.001). Therefore, mindfulness reduces the negative impact of cognitive bias on mental health and quality of life in elderly women.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nahideh Yousefpour (Corresponding Author)
Developing a Causal Model of Marital Relationship Quality Based on Dark Personality Traits and Communication Beliefs with the Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation in Women
The primary objective of the present study was to examine marital relationship quality based on dark personality traits and communication beliefs, considering the mediating role of emotion regulation in women. The research method was correlational with a structural equation modeling approach. The statistical population consisted of all women referring to counseling centers in the city of Shiraz in 2023. A sample of 250 participants was selected using cluster random sampling. The research instruments included the Marital Relationship Quality Questionnaire by Busby et al. (1995), the Dark Personality Traits Questionnaire by Johnson and Webster (2010), the Communication Beliefs Questionnaire by Epstein and Eidelson (1990), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire by Gross and John (2003). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and SmartPLS version 4. The results of the structural equation model indicated that emotion regulation plays a mediating role in the relationship between marital relationship quality and both dark personality traits and communication beliefs. The proposed model can be applied as an educational intervention package to enhance couple relationships in counseling clinics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Navid Enfeal (Author); Nadereh Sohrabi (Corresponding Author); Maryam Zarnaghash , Sousan Sahami (Author)
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Mode-Based Schema Therapy and Rumination-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Psychological Capital in Women Seeking Cosmetic Surgery with Histrionic Personality Disorder Symptoms
The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mode-based schema therapy and rumination-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (RFCBT) on psychological capital in women seeking cosmetic surgery with symptoms of histrionic personality disorder. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up phases across three parallel groups. The statistical population consisted of women referred to cosmetic surgery clinics in Isfahan during 2024–2025, from whom 75 participants were selected using convenience sampling after screening for histrionic personality disorder symptoms via the MCMI. Participants were randomly assigned into three groups: schema therapy (n = 25), RFCBT (n = 25), and control (n = 25). Both intervention groups received 12 weekly 90-minute group sessions based on standardized protocols, while the control group remained on a waiting list. Data were collected using the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) and analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests in SPSS-26. The results of repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of time (p < 0.01) and a significant main effect of group (p < 0.01) on psychological capital, indicating overall changes across measurement phases and differences between groups. Moreover, the interaction effect of time × group was statistically significant (p < 0.01), demonstrating that the pattern of change differed across the three groups. Bonferroni post-hoc comparisons showed no significant difference between the schema therapy and RFCBT groups at post-test (p > 0.05) and follow-up (p > 0.05), although both interventions produced significantly greater improvements compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Both mode-based schema therapy and rumination-focused cognitive behavioral therapy are effective interventions for enhancing psychological capital in women seeking cosmetic surgery with histrionic personality disorder symptoms, with no significant difference in their effectiveness, suggesting that each approach can be appropriately utilized depending on clinical needs and treatment context.
Rumination-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Copyright (c) 2026 Saeideh Yazdani (Author); Mahtab Moraveji (Corresponding Author); Mohammad Reza Seirafi, Elham Zarghami (Author)
Determining the Difference in the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Schema Therapy on Emotional Inhibition in Adolescents with High-Risk Behaviors
The present study aimed to determine the difference in the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and schema therapy on emotional inhibition in adolescents with high-risk behaviors. This applied study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest format including a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population consisted of adolescents with high-risk behaviors referred to counseling centers affiliated with the Department of Education in Karaj in 2025. Using purposive sampling, 45 participants who met the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly assigned into three groups: cognitive behavioral therapy (n = 15), schema therapy (n = 15), and control (n = 15). The experimental groups received eight sessions of structured interventions based on standardized therapeutic protocols, while the control group remained on a waiting list. Data were collected using the Emotional Inhibition Scale (EIS). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS-26 software at both descriptive and inferential levels, including repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc tests after verifying statistical assumptions. The results indicated that the main effect of group on emotional inhibition was not statistically significant (F = 0.62, p = 0.544), whereas the main effect of time was significant (F = 7.27, p = 0.008), indicating changes across measurement stages. Additionally, the interaction effect between time and group was significant (F = 4.59, p = 0.042), suggesting differential changes across groups over time. Bonferroni post hoc comparisons revealed that schema therapy significantly reduced emotional inhibition compared to the control group at posttest (p = 0.016), while cognitive behavioral therapy did not show a significant difference compared to the control group (p = 0.664). Within-group comparisons demonstrated significant improvements in the schema therapy group from pretest to posttest (p = 0.022) and follow-up (p = 0.034), whereas no significant changes were observed in the cognitive behavioral therapy and control groups (p > 0.05). The findings suggest that schema therapy is more effective than cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing emotional inhibition among adolescents with high-risk behaviors, with effects that are sustained over time, highlighting the importance of targeting deep cognitive-emotional structures in therapeutic interventions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fahimeh Ghafari Moghadam (Author); Fateme Dehghani-Arani (Corresponding Author); Elham Zarghami (Author)
The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-Based Training on Sense of Coherence and Regret of Spouse Selection in Women
The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-based training on sense of coherence and regret of spouse selection among women. This study employed an applied, quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest format and a control group. The statistical population included all women aged 25 to 45 years who referred to counseling centers in Sari in 2025. A total of 30 participants were selected using purposive sampling and randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 15) receiving Acceptance and Commitment-based training and a control group (n = 15). Data collection instruments included the Revised Sense of Coherence Scale (Flensborg, 2006) and the Regret of Spouse Selection Questionnaire (Schwartz et al., 2002). The intervention consisted of nine structured sessions of Acceptance and Commitment-based training, each lasting two hours. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) in SPSS version 26 after confirming statistical assumptions. The results of MANCOVA indicated a significant effect of group membership on sense of coherence (F = 49.28, p < 0.001, η² = 0.40) and regret of spouse selection (F = 31.57, p < 0.001, η² = 0.53) at the posttest stage after controlling for pretest scores. These findings suggest that Acceptance and Commitment-based training significantly increased sense of coherence and significantly decreased regret of spouse selection in the experimental group compared to the control group. Acceptance and Commitment-based training is an effective psychological intervention for enhancing sense of coherence and reducing regret of spouse selection among women, indicating its potential utility in improving psychological well-being and marital-related cognitive-emotional outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shakiba Khabazand (Corresponding Author)
The Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence in the Causal Relationship Between Spiritual Intelligence and School Attachment and Academic Achievement Among Lower Secondary School Students
The present study was conducted with the aim of examining the mediating role of emotional intelligence in the causal relationship between spiritual intelligence and school attachment and academic achievement among lower secondary school students. This research is applied in terms of purpose and quantitative, descriptive-survey in terms of method. The participants consisted of 384 lower secondary school students from the city of Tabriz, who were selected using cluster random sampling. The research instruments included the Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire by Wolman (2011), the Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire by Schering (1998), the Academic Achievement Questionnaire by Pham and Taylor (1994), and the School Attachment Questionnaire by Motton et al. (1993). Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling and the Sobel test in SmartPLS version 3.1.1 at a significance level of 0.05. The results indicated that the research model demonstrated a good fit. Spiritual intelligence had a significant effect on school attachment (t = 5.134, p = 0.001), academic achievement (t = 5.289, p = 0.001), and emotional intelligence (t = 25.850, p = 0.001). Emotional intelligence also had a significant effect on school attachment (t = 6.697, p = 0.001) and academic achievement (t = 9.179, p = 0.001). Furthermore, emotional intelligence played a mediating role in the effect of spiritual intelligence on school attachment (z = 8.674, p = 0.001) and academic achievement (z = 9.715, p = 0.001). Therefore, students with higher levels of emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence exhibit stronger attachment to school and achieve higher levels of academic performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Noushin Derakhshan (Corresponding Author)
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Self-Esteem Training and Self-Control Skills Training on Academic Emotions and Academic Buoyancy among Sixth-Grade Male Elementary School Students in Falavarjan
The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of self-esteem training and self-control skills training on academic emotions and academic buoyancy among sixth-grade male elementary school students in Falavarjan. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest structure, including a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population consisted of all sixth-grade male elementary school students in Falavarjan during the 2024–2025 academic year, from which 90 students were purposively selected. Ultimately, 75 participants were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The research instruments included the Academic Emotions Questionnaire (Pekrun, Goetz, Titz, & Perry, 2002) for the hope subscale, the Epistemic Curiosity Questionnaire (Litman et al., 2010) for the curiosity subscale, the Empathy and Sympathy Scale (Vossen et al., 2015) for the empathy subscale, and the Academic Buoyancy Questionnaire (Dehghanizadeh et al., 2014). The two experimental groups received self-esteem training and self-control skills training in 8 and 10 sessions of 90 minutes each, respectively. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc tests. The results indicated that both self-esteem training and self-control skills training had a significant effect on academic emotions and academic buoyancy (p < .001). The effects of both interventions were maintained at the two-month follow-up stage. Furthermore, self-esteem training demonstrated greater effectiveness than self-control skills training in improving academic emotions (p < .001). However, no significant difference was found between the effectiveness of self-esteem training and self-control skills training on academic buoyancy (p > .05). The findings suggest that self-esteem training should be prioritized over self-control skills training for enhancing academic emotions among sixth-grade male students. Additionally, both self-esteem training and self-control skills training can be effectively utilized to improve academic buoyancy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Iman Esmaili souderjani (Author); Ahmad Ghazanfari (Corresponding Author); Tayebeh Sharifi (Author)
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Positive Thinking Training and Emotional Self-Regulation Training on Self-Compassion and Psychological Well-Being in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of positive thinking training and emotional self-regulation training on self-compassion and psychological well-being in mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This study was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population consisted of mothers of children with ASD in the city of Isfahan during the years 2024–2025. From this population, 60 mothers were selected through purposive sampling and were then randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The research instruments included the Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003) and the Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (Ryff, 2002). Both experimental groups received interventions consisting of eight 90-minute sessions of positive thinking training and emotional self-regulation training. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc tests. The results indicated that positive thinking training and emotional self-regulation training had a significant effect on parenting stress and distress tolerance (p < 0.001). The effects of both interventions were maintained at the two-month follow-up stage. Furthermore, emotional self-regulation training demonstrated greater effectiveness compared to positive thinking training in improving self-compassion and psychological well-being (p < 0.001). The findings suggest that therapists should prioritize emotional self-regulation training over positive thinking training to enhance self-compassion and psychological well-being in mothers of children with ASD.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mahshid Zaghian (Author); Tayebeh Sharifi (Corresponding Author); Mohammad Ghasemi Pirbalouti (Author)
Comparing the Effectiveness of Art Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Play Therapy on Anxiety and Assertiveness in Preschool Children
Anxiety and assertiveness issues are among the most important challenges among preschool children. This study examines the effectiveness of art therapy and cognitive-behavioral play therapy in reducing anxiety and improving assertiveness in preschool children. The study employed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all 5–6-year-old children referred to the Nedaye Aramesh Ravan Counseling Clinic in Tehran. Using Cochran’s formula, 45 eligible children were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (n = 15 per group). The first experimental group received 10 weekly sessions of art therapy, and the second received 12 weekly sessions of cognitive-behavioral play therapy. The control group did not receive any intervention during the study period. Data were collected using the Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS) and the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS). Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) in SPSS-23. Both art therapy and cognitive-behavioral play therapy led to significant reductions in anxiety and increases in assertiveness compared with the control group after the intervention (P < 0.001). However, the difference in effectiveness between the two therapeutic approaches was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Both art therapy and cognitive-behavioral play therapy were effective in reducing anxiety and enhancing assertiveness in preschool children. Although each approach relies on different therapeutic mechanisms, their outcomes were comparable, indicating similar therapeutic value. These findings suggest that either intervention can be appropriately selected based on the child’s needs and treatment context.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sudabeh Emami Mehr (Author); Mojtaba Amiri Majd (Corresponding Author); Mohammad Ghamari, Saeideh Bazzazian (Author)
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Intensive Short-Term Psychodynamic Therapy and Emotion-Focused Therapy on Pain Catastrophizing in Patients with Psychosomatic Disorders
The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Intensive Short-Term Psychodynamic Therapy and Emotion-Focused Therapy on reducing pain catastrophizing among patients diagnosed with psychosomatic disorders. This applied study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group and a three-month follow-up phase. The statistical population consisted of patients with psychosomatic disorders who referred to Niyayesh Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran during 2024–2025. Using purposive sampling, 45 eligible participants were selected and randomly assigned to three groups: Intensive Short-Term Psychodynamic Therapy, Emotion-Focused Therapy, and a control group (15 participants in each group). The experimental groups received structured therapeutic interventions across multiple weekly sessions, while the control group remained on a waiting list without intervention. Data were collected using standardized psychological instruments measuring psychosomatic symptoms and pain catastrophizing at pretest, posttest, and follow-up stages. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS-28 through descriptive statistics, analysis of covariance, mixed-design repeated measures analysis of variance, multivariate analysis of variance, and Bonferroni post hoc tests after confirming statistical assumptions. Analysis of covariance indicated that Emotion-Focused Therapy significantly reduced pain catastrophizing compared with the control group (p < 0.01), whereas Intensive Short-Term Psychodynamic Therapy did not demonstrate a statistically significant effect. Repeated-measures analysis revealed a significant main effect of time (p < 0.01) and a significant interaction effect between time and group (p < 0.05), indicating differential changes across interventions over measurement stages. Bonferroni post hoc comparisons showed that the Emotion-Focused Therapy group achieved significantly lower adjusted posttest scores than the control group (p < 0.05). Pairwise comparisons across time demonstrated significant reductions from pretest to posttest and follow-up only in the Emotion-Focused Therapy group, confirming maintenance of treatment effects, while no significant changes were observed in the psychodynamic or control groups.
Intensive Short-Term Psychodynamic Therapy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Parisa Khanipoor Kakesh (Author); Moloud Keykhosrovani (Corresponding Author); Seyed Asghar Mousavi (Author)
Structural Model of Marital Conflict Based on Self-Differentiation and Alexithymia with the Mediating Role of Frustration Tolerance in Divorce-Seeking Individuals
The present study aimed to examine the structural model of marital conflict based on self-differentiation and alexithymia with the mediating role of frustration tolerance in individuals seeking divorce. This study was fundamental in purpose and descriptive-correlational in design. The statistical population consisted of all divorce-seeking individuals who referred to family counseling centers affiliated with the judiciary in Karaj and Hashtgerd between February 2025 and October 2025. A sample of 250 participants (139 women and 111 men) was selected using convenience sampling and completed the research instruments voluntarily. Data were collected using the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (Sanaei et al., 2008), the Self-Differentiation Inventory (Skowron & Friedlander, 1998), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Bagby et al., 1994), and the Frustration Discomfort Scale (Harrington, 2005). Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SPSS version 27 and AMOS version 26 through Maximum Likelihood estimation. Model fit was evaluated using standard fit indices including χ²/df, GFI, AGFI, CFI, and RMSEA. The results indicated that the proposed structural model demonstrated acceptable fit with the data (χ²/df = 1.67, CFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.05). Alexithymia had a positive and significant direct effect on marital conflict (β = 0.206, p < .05), whereas self-differentiation had a negative and significant direct effect (β = -0.276, p < .01). Frustration tolerance significantly predicted marital conflict (β = 0.431, p < .001) and also mediated the relationships between alexithymia and marital conflict (β = 0.167, p < .001) and between self-differentiation and marital conflict (β = -0.156, p < .001). The model explained 55% of the variance in marital conflict (R² = 0.55). The findings suggest that alexithymia and self-differentiation play significant roles in predicting marital conflict both directly and indirectly through frustration tolerance, highlighting the importance of emotional processing and coping capacity in marital dynamics and offering implications for targeted psychological interventions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Samira Hosseini (Author); Said Ali mohammad Mousavi (Corresponding Author); Arezoo Shomalyoskoei (Author)
Effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy on Occupational Stress and Distress Tolerance in Emergency Department Nurses
The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy on occupational stress and distress tolerance among emergency department nurses. The research employed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population comprised all emergency department nurses working in Rasht county hospitals in 2025. Using convenience sampling, 40 nurses were selected and randomly assigned (via lottery) to the experimental group (20 participants) and the control group (20 participants). Data collection instruments included the Emotional Distress Tolerance Questionnaire by Simmons and Gaher (2005) and the Occupational Stress Questionnaire by Krishna and Srivastava (1991). The experimental group received 8 weekly sessions, twice a week (2 hours each) of Compassion-Focused Therapy by Gilbert (2009). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANOVA) via SPSS-27. Results indicated a significant reduction in occupational stress and a significant increase in distress tolerance in the experimental group compared to the control group. Compassion-Focused Therapy was effective in reducing occupational stress and enhancing distress tolerance among emergency department nurses.
Occupational and Organizational Counseling
Copyright (c) 2026 Sara Shaghaghi, Jalal Jahani (Author); Farzaneh Ghorbanpour Ahmadsargourabi (Corresponding Author); Elham Mostafavi (Author)
A Structural Model of Job Burnout and Work-Family Conflict in Teachers, with the Mediating Role of Mental Health and Psychological Capital: A Gender Comparison
The purpose of this research is to present a structural model of job burnout based on work-family conflict, mental health, and psychological capital, considering gender differences. The study population comprised sixth-grade teachers in Tehran, from which a sample of 400 individuals (223 female and 177 male) was selected using stratified sampling with equal allocation. Research instruments included the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Carlson Work-Family Conflict Scale, the Goldberg and Hiller General Health Questionnaire, and the Luthans Psychological Capital Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using correlation matrix and structural equation modeling. All paths were significant at the p≤.01level, except for the path from work-family conflict to job burnout and the path from psychological capital to job burnout. Among these coefficients, mental health (β=0.82) had the largest effect on job burnout. Overall, 41% of the total variance in job burnout was explained by work-family conflict, mental health, and psychological capital. There was a difference between the job burnout models for women and men. Given the impact of mental health on job burnout and work-family conflict among teachers, it appears that providing counseling and specialized psychological workshops for teachers could be effective in reducing their levels of job burnout and work-family conflict.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fereshteh Niksirat (Author); Molouk Khademi Ashkzari (Corresponding Author); Zahra Naghsh (Author)
The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress and Coping Styles in the Association Between Sleep Quality and Job Burnout Among Physicians at Medical Centers Affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of perceived stress and coping styles in the relationship between sleep quality and job burnout among physicians working in medical centers affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. This study employed a descriptive–correlational design and was conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population consisted of physicians employed in medical centers affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences as well as active clinics across Mashhad during the 2024–2025 academic year. Based on Cochran’s formula, a final sample size of 367 participants was determined. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and the Perceived Stress Scale developed by Cohen et al. (1983). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 and SMART PLS 3 software. The results indicated that the mediating role of perceived stress and coping styles in the relationship between sleep quality and job burnout was confirmed. The indirect effect (0.331) was greater than the direct effect (0.187), highlighting the substantial importance of the mediating variables in this relationship.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nazli Ajoudani (Author); Saeid Sarabian (Corresponding Author)
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Olson’s Circumplex Model–Based Couple Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Marital Burnout and Marital Self-Regulation in Couples with Conflict
The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Olson’s Circumplex Model–based couple therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on marital burnout and marital self-regulation in couples experiencing marital conflict. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with pretest, posttest, and follow-up assessments, including two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population consisted of couples experiencing marital conflict who referred to counseling centers in Amol in 2024. A total of 48 participants (24 couples) were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group received ten sessions of Olson’s Circumplex Model–based couple therapy, and the second experimental group participated in eight sessions of ACT-based couple therapy. The control group did not receive any intervention during the study period. Data were collected using the Marital Conflict Questionnaire, the Marital Burnout Questionnaire, and the Marital Self-Regulation Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), repeated-measures ANOVA, and LSD post hoc tests in SPSS-27 at a significance level of .05. The results of MANCOVA indicated that both Olson-based couple therapy and ACT significantly reduced marital burnout and increased marital self-regulation compared to the control group (p < .001). ANCOVA results showed that, after controlling for pretest scores, the group effect was significant for marital burnout (F = 26.45, p < .001, η² = .664) and marital self-regulation (F = 24.63, p < .001, η² = .241). Post hoc comparisons revealed significant differences between the two experimental groups at posttest (p < .001), indicating differential magnitudes of effectiveness across outcomes. Both interventions are effective interventions for reducing marital burnout and enhancing marital self-regulation among couples experiencing conflict.
Copyright (c) 2026 Soheila Gholipour (Author); Jamshid Jarareh (Corresponding Author); Asghar Jafari (Author)
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Emotional Intelligence Training and Spiritual Intelligence Training on Executive Functions in Students with Learning Disorders
The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of emotional intelligence training and spiritual intelligence training on executive functions in students with learning disorders. The present research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest–posttest and follow-up design including a control group. The statistical population consisted of all students with learning disorders in Pishva, Varamin, who had referred to specialized learning disorder centers in Pishva, Varamin, in 2025; the research sample included 45 participants who were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group, each consisting of 15 participants. The Nejati Cognitive Abilities Questionnaire (Nejati, 2013) was used for data collection. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with repeated measures was used to analyze the data using SPSS software. The results indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the effectiveness of emotional intelligence training and spiritual intelligence training on memory and sustained attention in students with learning disorders (p < .05). Emotional intelligence training resulted in significant improvements in memory, inhibitory control, decision-making, planning, and sustained attention scores (p < .05). Spiritual intelligence training resulted in significant improvements in memory and planning scores (p < .05). However, spiritual intelligence training did not have a statistically significant effect on inhibitory control, decision-making, or sustained attention scores (p > .05). Therefore, emotional intelligence training and spiritual intelligence training can be considered effective methods for improving executive functions in students with learning disorders.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fateme Ghasemi Bakhtiyari (Author); Habibollah Naderi (Corresponding Author); Reza Donyavi (Author)
Causal Modeling of Job Satisfaction Based on Self-Efficacy in Employees of the Mazandaran Province Red Crescent Society with the Mediating Role of Mindfulness
The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the fit of a job satisfaction model based on self-efficacy with the mediating role of mindfulness among employees of the Mazandaran Province Red Crescent Society. The research method was descriptive–correlational based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study included all employees of the Mazandaran Province Red Crescent Society in 2025, whose total number was reported as 986 (N = 986). Using a convenience sampling method, 237 individuals were selected as the statistical sample (n = 237). The instruments used in this study included the standardized Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire developed by Weiss et al. (1967), the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire developed by Sherer et al. (1982), and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire developed by Baer et al. (2006). Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. The results of model fit indices indicated that the structural model demonstrated an acceptable fit. Furthermore, the results of Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy and job satisfaction (r = .42, p < .01), between self-efficacy and mindfulness (r = .65, p < .01), and between mindfulness and job satisfaction (r = .76, p < .01). In other words, self-efficacy was related to job satisfaction both directly and indirectly through the mediating role of mindfulness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Roghieh Kiakjori (Author); Saeed Najarpour Ostadi (Corresponding Author); Reza Abdi (Author)
Effectiveness of Self-Healing Training on Death Anxiety, Hope, and Loneliness in Older Adults
The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of self-healing training on death anxiety, hope, and feelings of loneliness in older adults. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest–posttest control group design. The statistical population consisted of adults aged over 70 years residing in a nursing home in Khorramabad City in 2024. Using convenience sampling, 50 participants were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of 25 (25 in the experimental group and 25 in the control group). Participants in the experimental group received self-healing training in eight sessions, each lasting 90 minutes, while the control group did not receive the intervention. Research data were collected using the Death Anxiety Scale (DAS; Templer, 1970), the Hope Questionnaire (HQ; Snyder et al., 1991), and the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell et al., 1980), and were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The findings indicated that, after controlling for pretest effects, there were significant differences between the posttest means of death anxiety, hope, and loneliness in older adults at the 0.01 level. Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that empowering older adults through self-healing training is an effective educational approach for reducing death anxiety and loneliness and for enhancing hope in this population.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hamed Rashidi Asl (Author); Fariba Bashardoost Tajalli (Corresponding Author); Malek Mirhashemi (Author)
A Comparative Study of Acceptance and Commitment–Based Couple Therapy and Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy on Marital Adjustment and Altruism in Couples with a Child with a Disability
The objective of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment–Based Couple Therapy and Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy on altruistic behavior and marital adjustment in couples. This study was applied in nature and employed a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of married couples who met the study inclusion criteria, from whom 30 couples were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The experimental groups received Acceptance and Commitment–Based Couple Therapy or Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy according to structured intervention protocols, while the control group received no intervention. Data were collected using standardized measures of altruistic behavior and marital adjustment at pretest and posttest stages. Data analysis was conducted using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to compare posttest outcomes while controlling for pretest scores. The inferential results of the ANCOVA indicated that both Acceptance and Commitment–Based Couple Therapy and Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy led to statistically significant improvements in altruistic behavior and marital adjustment compared with the control group (p < .001). After controlling for baseline scores, group membership had a significant effect on posttest altruism and marital adjustment, with very large effect sizes. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the two experimental groups, indicating that both therapeutic approaches were similarly effective in enhancing altruism and marital adjustment. The findings suggest that both Acceptance and Commitment–Based Couple Therapy and Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy are effective interventions for improving altruistic behavior and marital adjustment, and either approach can be confidently used in clinical couple therapy settings to promote relational functioning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abbas Ghasemi (Author); Alireza Molazadeh (Corresponding Author); Rahim Hamidipour (Author)
The Mediating Role of Marital Infidelity Justification in the Relationship Between Cognitive Flexibility and Marital burnout
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of marital infidelity justification in the relationship between cognitive flexibility and marital burnout. Methods: A descriptive-correlational research design with a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was employed. The statistical population consisted of all married individuals who referred to counseling centers in Districts 3 and 11 of Tehran in 2024. A total of 373 participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using Pines’ (1996) Marital Burnout Questionnaire, Dennis and VanderWal’s (2010) Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, and Yenisari and Kokdemir’s (2006) Marital Infidelity Justification Scale. Data analysis was performed using SEM. Findings: The results showed that the structural model had a good fit with the collected data. Cognitive flexibility was found to have a significant negative relationship with marital burnout. Additionally, justification of marital infidelity was positively and significantly related to marital burnout. Moreover, justification of infidelity significantly and negatively mediated the relationship between cognitive flexibility and marital burnout. Conclusion: Based on the findings, practical implications can be proposed to improve couple relationships by focusing on the key psychological variables explored in this study.
Copyright (c) 2026 Somayeh Rezaee (Author); Mohammadali Mohammadyfar (Corresponding Author); Mahmoud Najafi (Author)