The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Perceived Stress, Sleep Quality, and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Keywords:
Mindfulness-based stress reduction, type 2 diabetes, perceived stress, sleep quality, health-related quality of life, psychological interventionAbstract
Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on perceived stress, sleep quality, and health-related quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest–posttest control group design with a one-month follow-up. The study population consisted of patients with type 2 diabetes receiving outpatient care in Tehran, Iran. A total of 50 eligible patients were selected through purposive sampling and assigned to an intervention group and a control group, with 25 participants in each group. The intervention group received an eight-session mindfulness-based stress reduction program, while the control group received routine medical care. Data were collected using the Perceived Stress Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Short Form Health Survey, and a demographic-clinical information form. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, assumption tests, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and Bonferroni post hoc comparisons.
Findings: The results of repeated-measures analysis of variance showed significant time, group, and time × group interaction effects for perceived stress, sleep quality, and health-related quality of life. For perceived stress, the time × group interaction was significant (F = 38.94, p < .001, η² = .448). For sleep quality, the time × group interaction was also significant (F = 24.63, p < .001, η² = .339). For health-related quality of life, a significant time × group interaction was found as well (F = 36.52, p < .001, η² = .432). Bonferroni comparisons indicated significant improvement from pretest to posttest and from pretest to follow-up in the intervention group, while posttest–follow-up differences were not significant, showing maintenance of intervention effects. No significant changes were observed in the control group.
Conclusion: Mindfulness-based stress reduction was effective in reducing perceived stress, improving sleep quality, and enhancing health-related quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes. The stability of findings at follow-up suggests that mindfulness-based stress reduction can be used as a complementary psychological intervention in diabetes care.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Camille Brossard (Author); Amir Rezaei; Hamish Rutherford (Author)
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