Exploring the Psychosomatic Effects of Perfectionism in Patients with Chronic Tension-Type Headaches: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

This study aims to explore the psychosomatic effects of perfectionism in patients suffering from chronic tension-type headaches (CTTH). By examining the experiences and perceptions of individuals with CTTH, the research seeks to understand how perfectionistic tendencies influence headache symptoms, coping strategies, and overall quality of life. A qualitative phenomenological approach was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with 27 participants diagnosed with CTTH and exhibiting high levels of perfectionism. Participants were recruited from various healthcare settings, and data collection continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using NVivo software. A thematic analysis was conducted to identify key themes and subthemes related to the psychosomatic interplay between perfectionism and CTTH. Four main themes emerged from the analysis: (1) Personal definitions and perceptions of perfectionism, highlighting high self-imposed standards and external pressures; (2) Experiences of CTTH and its impact on daily life, revealing significant physical, emotional, and social impairments; (3) Coping strategies and perceived relationships between perfectionism and headache episodes, including both adaptive and maladaptive mechanisms; and (4) Emotional and psychological responses to headache management and perfectionistic tendencies, emphasizing the complex emotional burden and the need for holistic treatment approaches. Participants reported increased headache severity during periods of stress and utilized various strategies, such as mindfulness and cognitive reframing, to manage their symptoms. The study underscores the intricate relationship between perfectionism and CTTH, highlighting the need for integrated treatment approaches that address both physical and psychological aspects. By understanding the role of perfectionism in exacerbating headache symptoms, healthcare providers can develop more effective, holistic treatment plans that improve patient outcomes and quality of life.