Identifying the Psychological Mechanisms behind Women’s Reactions to Gender-Based Violence

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to identify the psychological mechanisms underlying women's reactions to gender-based violence (GBV).

Methods and Materials: A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews with 24 women who had experienced GBV in Tehran. Participants were selected using purposive sampling, and data collection continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. The interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis with the assistance of NVivo software to identify key themes and patterns related to emotional responses, coping strategies, and the impact of violence on mental health.

Findings: The findings revealed three major themes: psychological reactions, coping strategies, and the impact on mental health. Emotional responses such as fear, shame, and anxiety were prevalent among participants, often accompanied by cognitive processing patterns like self-blame and rumination. Coping strategies varied, with some participants engaging in avoidance coping through emotional numbing and disengagement, while others sought social support or pursued self-care practices to regain a sense of control. The long-term impact of GBV included social withdrawal, trust issues, and diminished self-worth, with many participants experiencing chronic psychological distress such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Conclusion: The study underscores the complex interplay between psychological reactions and coping mechanisms among GBV survivors, highlighting the need for targeted interventions that address emotional distress and empower women through support systems. Culturally sensitive mental health services, awareness campaigns, and policy measures are essential to improving survivors' well-being and promoting resilience.