Prediction of Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Based on Sleep Quality and Sexual Function in Postmenopausal Women
Keywords:
interpersonal emotion regulation, sexual function, sleep quality, menopause.Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to examine the prediction of interpersonal emotion regulation based on sleep quality and sexual function in postmenopausal women.
Materials and Methods: The present research was a descriptive–correlational study. The statistical population included postmenopausal women living in Karaj, Iran. A sample of 196 participants was selected using convenience sampling. The instruments used included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and the Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (IERQ). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis.
Findings: The results showed that both sleep quality and sexual function significantly predicted interpersonal emotion regulation. Specifically, sleep quality had a significant relationship with interpersonal emotion regulation (P < .05), and sexual function also significantly predicted interpersonal emotion regulation.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that sleep quality and sexual function play an important role in predicting interpersonal emotion regulation in postmenopausal women. Accordingly, improving these two factors can contribute to enhancing psychological well-being and quality of life in postmenopausal women.
Downloads
References
Ali, A. M., Ahmed, A. H., & Smail, L. (2020). Psychological Climacteric Symptoms and Attitudes Toward Menopause Among Emirati Women. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(14), 5028. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145028
Almondes, K. M., Marín Agudelo, H. A., & Jiménez-Correa, U. (2021). Impact of Sleep Deprivation on Emotional Regulation and the Immune System of Healthcare Workers as a Risk Factor for COVID-19: Practical Recommendations from a Task Force of the Latin American Association of Sleep Psychology. Frontiers in psychology, 564227. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.564227
Chukwuemelie, E. J. (2025). The Moderating Role of Emotion Regulation in the Relationship Between Trauma Exposure, Diet and Sleep Quality Among Adults in Uyo Metropolis. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, IX(I), 4463-4473. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2025.9010339
Cinek, B. Y. (2025). Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Its Impact on Sexual Function, Body Image, and Depression in Breast Cancer Survivors. Psychiatry Investigation, 22(3), 330-339. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2024.0349
Cremades, C. F., Garay, C. J., Etchevers, M. J., Muiños, R., Peker, G. M., & Penedo, J. M. (2022). Contemporaneous Emotion Regulation Theoretical Models: A Systematic Review. Interacciones, e237. https://doi.org/10.24016/2022.v8.237
Dubé, J. P., Dawson, S. J., & Rosen, N. O. (2020). Emotion Regulation and Sexual Well-Being Among Women: Current Status and Future Directions. Current Sexual Health Reports, 12, 143-152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11930-020-00261-9
Fischer, V. J., Andersson, G., Billieux, J., Infanti, A., & Vögele, C. (2024). The Role of Emotion Regulation Strategies for Sexual Function and Mental Health: A Cluster Analytical Approach. Journal of sex & marital therapy, 50(2), 123-136. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2023.2264863
Fischer, V. J., Andersson, G., Billieux, J., & Vögele, C. (2022). The Relationship Between Emotion Regulation and Sexual Function and Satisfaction: A Scoping Review. Sexual Medicine Reviews, 10(2), 195-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sxmr.2021.11.004
Ghazanfarpour, M., Khadivzadeh, T., & Roudsari, R. L. (2018). Sexual Disharmony in Menopausal Women and Their Husband: A Qualitative Study of Reasons, Strategies, and Ramifications. Journal of Menopausal Medicine, 24(1), 41-49. https://doi.org/10.6118/jmm.2018.24.1.41
Gupta, M., & Sharma, A. (2021). Sleep Deprivation and Its Impact on Social Interaction and Anxiety in Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 68(4), 731-736. http://www.cjsh.org.cn/article/doi/10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024220?pageType=en
Hajnasiri, H., Aslanbeygi, N., Moafi, F., & Mafi, M. (2018). Investigating the Relationship Between Sexual Function and Mental Health in Pregnant Females. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 6(2), 33-40. https://ijpn.ir/article-1-1102-fa.html
Jani, S. (2023). Comparing the Effectiveness of Classical Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Based on Purposeful Support on Sexual Function and Disturbance Tolerance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 17(1), 232-213. https://apsy.sbu.ac.ir/article_102547.html?lang=en
Javed, K., Khan, S., Fatima, A., Khalil, S., Amin, A., & Sattar, M. M. M. (2024). Exploring the Interplay Between Sleep Quality and Emotional Regulation in Anxiety Disorders. RJS, 2(3), 24-36. https://doi.org/10.59075/rjs.v2i3.23
Juwita, L., & Sari, N. P. (2021). The Effect of Positive Emotional Regulation Towards Happiness Level in Menopausal Women. Nurse and Holistic Care, 1(1), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.33086/nhc.v1i1.2023
Khalesi, Z. B., Jafarzadeh-Kenarsari, F., Mobarrez, Y. D., & Abedinzade, M. (2020). The Impact of Menopause on Sexual Function in Women and Their Spouses. African health sciences, 20(4), 1979-1984. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i4.56
Kling, J. M., Kapoor, E., Mara, K., & Faubion, S. S. (2021). Associations of sleep and female sexual function: good sleep quality matters. Menopause, 28(6), 619-625. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001744
Kozubal, M., Szuster, A., & Wielgopolan, A. (2023). Emotional Regulation Strategies in Daily Life: The Intensity of Emotions and Regulation Choice. Frontiers in psychology, 14, 1218694. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1218694
Li, J., Wang, T. Y., Lok, J. C., & Shi, R. (2025). The Influence of Illness Perception on Emotional Disorders in Perimenopausal Women in Macau: The Serial Mediating Effect of Self-Esteem and Psychological Resilience. Social Sciences, 14(3), 186. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14030186
Lotfi, M., Shiasy, Y., Amini, M., Mansori, K., Hamzezade, S., Salehi, A., & Mafakhery, M. (2020). Investigating Psychometric Properties of Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (IERQ) in University Students. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 30(185), 74-85. https://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-14163-en.html
Masihpour, Z., Sotoudeh-Asl, N., & Ghorbani, R. (2023). The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Mental Health in Postmenopausal Women. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Journal, 66(5), -. https://doi.org/10.22038/mjms.2023.66878.3957
Masoumi, S. Z., Alavipour, N., Parsa, P., & Kazemi, F. (2020). Demographic Factors Affecting Sexual Dysfunction in Postmenopausal Women. Journal of Education and Community Health, 7(1), 5-12. https://www.sid.ir/paper/253582/fa
Mirghafourvand, M., Shafie, M., Homayouni, A., & Mohammad-Alizadeh, S. (2022). The effect of probiotics on mood and sleep quality in postmenopausal women: A triple-blind randomized controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.06.005
O'Leary, K., Bylsma, L. M., & Rottenberg, J. (2017). Why Might Poor Sleep Quality Lead to Depression? A Role for Emotion Regulation. Cognition and Emotion, 31(8), 1698-1706. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2016.1247035
Obodiat, S., Hassanzadeh, R., & Mirzaian, B. (2024). Predicting Marital Satisfaction Based on Emotion Regulation Strategies and Emotional Orientation Towards Sexual Relation in Married Women. PWJ, 5(1), 159-165. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.pwj.5.1.19
Omrani, S., Baratian, M., Zareh Hoseinzadeghan, Z., & Jedari Seyedi, Z. (2022). The Effectiveness of Emotionally Focused Therapy on Mental Toughness and Sleep Quality Among People with a History of Hospitalization Because of Coronavirus. Journal of Applied Family Therapy, 2(Covid-19 Articles Collection), 215-228. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.aftj.2.5.14
Park, B. K. (2020). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Associated Factors in Middle-School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Child Health Nursing Research, 26(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2020.26.1.55
Pickett, S. M., Barbaro, N., & Mello, D. (2016). The Relationship Between Subjective Sleep Disturbance, Sleep Quality, and Emotion Regulation Difficulties in a Sample of College Students Reporting Trauma Exposure. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 8(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000064
Rezaie, L., Norouzi, E., Bratty, A. J., & Khazaie, H. (2023). Better Sleep Quality and Higher Physical Activity Levels Predict Lower Emotion Dysregulation Among Persons with Major Depression Disorder. BMC psychology, 11(1), 171. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01213-3
Talaulikar, V. (2022). Menopause Transition: Physiology and Symptoms. Best practice & research Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology, 81, 3-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2022.03.003
Vandekerckhove, M., & Wang, Y. L. (2018). Emotion, Emotion Regulation and Sleep: An Intimate Relationship. AIMS Neuroscience, 5(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.3934/Neuroscience.2018.5.1.1
Vatankhah, H., Khalili, P., Vatanparast, M., Ayoobi, F., Esmaeili-Nadimi, A., & Jamali, Z. (2023). Prevalence of Early and Late Menopause and Its Determinants in Rafsanjan Cohort Study. Scientific reports, 13(1), 1847. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28526-y
Walker, M. (2017). Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams. Simon and Schuster. https://www.amazon.com/Why-We-Sleep-Unlocking-Dreams/dp/1501144316
Yadollahi, P., Mavaddatnia, s., Zarshenas, M., & Ghaemmaghami, P. (2024). Relationship Between Sleep Quality and Marital Satisfaction of Working Women During the Premenopausal Period. Scientific reports, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51440-w
Yilmaz, D., Tanrikulu, F., & Dikmen, Y. (2017). Research on Sleep Quality and the Factors Affecting the Sleep Quality of the Nursing Students. Current Health Sciences Journal, 43(1), 20. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6286721/
Zamani Zarchi, M. S., Nooripour, R., Hosseinzadeh Oskooei, A., & Afrooz, G. A. (2020). The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Training on Psychological Wellbeing and Emotion Regulation of Menopausal Women: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Journal of Research and Health, 10(5), 295-304. https://doi.org/10.32598/JRH.10.5.1669.1
Zhang, N., Zhang, K., Wang, J., & Sun, X. (2022). Distract or Reappraise? The Mechanism of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Choice and Its Influential Factors. Psychology research and behavior management, 3699-3708. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S389835
