The Mediating Role of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Symptoms in the Relationship of Stressful Life Events and Childhood Maltreatment with Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Abstract

Psychosomatic disorders, particularly gastrointestinal complaints, are a major health concern among university students, as they can impair physical health, academic performance, psychological well-being, and social functioning. This study examined the mediating role of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms in the relationship between stressful life events, childhood maltreatment, and gastrointestinal symptoms. This descriptive correlational study was conducted among undergraduate and graduate students of Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur Branch, during the 2024–2025 academic year. A total of 300 students were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Child Abuse Self-Report Scale, the GAD-7, the Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire, and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale. Data were analyzed in SPSS 26 and AMOS using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and structural equation modeling. The results showed significant associations among GAD symptoms, stressful life events, childhood maltreatment, and gastrointestinal symptoms. The structural model showed acceptable fit. Stressful life events positively predicted GAD symptoms (β = 0.28, p < 0.001) and gastrointestinal symptoms (β = 0.24, p < 0.01). Childhood maltreatment also positively predicted GAD symptoms (β = 0.36, p < 0.001) and gastrointestinal symptoms (β = 0.37, p < 0.01). GAD symptoms partially mediated these relationships.