The Effects of Strength Training on Motor Control and Functional Performance in Older Adults: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Objective: This narrative review aims to synthesize the current evidence on the effects of strength training on motor control and functional performance in older adults.

Methods and Materials: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The search targeted peer-reviewed articles published in English from 1990 to 2023. The primary search terms included combinations and variations of keywords like "strength training," "motor control," "functional performance," and "older adults." Studies were included if they involved participants aged 60 years or older, implemented a strength training intervention, and assessed outcomes related to motor control and/or functional performance. Both acute and longitudinal studies were considered to provide a thorough analysis.

Findings: The review found that strength training induces significant neurophysiological adaptations in older adults, leading to enhanced motor control and functional performance. Improvements in motor control were evidenced by increased balance, coordination, and movement accuracy. Functional performance benefits included increased gait speed, reduced fall risk, and improved ability to perform daily tasks. The review also highlighted the importance of tailored strength training interventions to maximize these benefits in older adults.

Conclusion: Strength training is a potent intervention for enhancing motor control and functional performance in older adults. The findings support the incorporation of strength training into exercise programs for the elderly, not only for improving muscle strength but also for enhancing overall motor function and quality of life. Future research should focus on optimizing strength training protocols and exploring their long-term sustainability.