Exploring the Influence of Psychological and Spiritual Factors on Job Self-Efficacy in Individuals with Hearing Impairments

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the relationships between job self-efficacy, sense of coherence, and spiritual well-being among adults with hearing impairments. Specifically, it sought to determine the extent to which sense of coherence and spiritual well-being predict job self-efficacy in this population. A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving 300 adults with hearing impairments. Participants were recruited from rehabilitation centers, support groups, and online platforms. Data were collected using three standardized instruments: the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13), and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted using SPSS-27 to explore the relationships between the variables. The mean job self-efficacy score was 28.56 (SD = 6.43), the mean sense of coherence score was 70.28 (SD = 14.92), and the mean spiritual well-being score was 92.65 (SD = 16.37). Job self-efficacy was significantly correlated with both sense of coherence (r = 0.53, p < 0.01) and spiritual well-being (r = 0.47, p < 0.01). The regression analysis revealed that sense of coherence (β = 0.37, p < 0.001) and spiritual well-being (β = 0.32, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of job self-efficacy, explaining 37% of the variance (F(2, 297) = 87.92, p < 0.001). The study highlights the significant roles of sense of coherence and spiritual well-being in predicting job self-efficacy among adults with hearing impairments. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at enhancing these psychological and spiritual dimensions could effectively support job self-efficacy in this population. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies and explore additional factors that may influence job self-efficacy.