Evaluation of Design, Governance, and Implementation of Khelo-India University Games Policy: An Assessment through RIDIT
Keywords:
Sports Management, University Sports in India, Sports Policy, Policy EvaluationAbstract
Objective:
This study aimed to assess stakeholders’ perceptions of the effectiveness of policy design, governance, and implementation of the Khelo India University Games (KIUG) scheme.
Methods:
A quantitative survey design was used. A structured questionnaire was personally administered to administrators, coaches, and players who participated in KIUG 2024. A total of 100 participants (25 administrators, 25 coaches, and 50 players) were selected using mixed-method sampling: coaches and players were recruited through random sampling, while administrators were selected purposively due to their limited numbers. Data were analyzed using RIDIT analysis and the Kruskal–Wallis test.
Results:
Overall, responses from players, coaches, and administrators were largely consistent, with no significant group differences across survey items. The only exception was item PDGI-05 (satisfaction with the central government’s initiative to organize KIUG in addition to Zonal/All-India Intervarsity competitions), which showed a significant difference among groups. Participants generally expressed support for the KIUG policy and its implementation, particularly regarding the development and upgrading of sports infrastructure, promotion of competition and talent development, inclusiveness, and fostering a balanced system integrating education and sport.
Conclusion:
Findings indicate broad stakeholder support for the KIUG policy and its implementation in KIUG 2024, with limited divergence across stakeholder groups. Further research is recommended to deepen the understanding of KIUG policy design, governance, and implementation, and to examine these dimensions across settings and time
Downloads
References
1. World B. India: World Bank. [Internet]; 2022.
2. Fetura A, Suherman WS. Analysis of public policies on development sports in Ngawi District. Int J Multicult Multirelig Underst. 2021;8(4):209-13. [DOI]
3. Priyono B. Pengembangan pembangunan industri keolahragaan. J Media Ilmu Keolahragaan Indones. 2012. [DOI]
4. Permana A. Tingkat partisipasi olahraga dan ketersediaan SDM keolahragaan Kota Pontianak Provinsi Kalimantan Barat ditinjau dari Sport Development Index (SDI). J Pendidikan Olah Raga. 2015;4(1):9-19. [DOI]
5. Clarke J, Mondal S. Sport policy in India. Int J Sport Policy Polit. 2022;14(4):729-41. [DOI]
6. Pmindia. PM inaugurates opening ceremony of the Khelo India Youth Games 2023 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. [Internet]; 2024.
7. Ministry of Youth A, Sports GoI. Khelo India Scheme (2021-22 to 2025-26): Operational Guidelines. New Delhi: MYAS; [Internet]; 2024.
8. Khatri K. From policy to podium: Evaluating the evolution and implementation of India's sports policies from 1984 to Khelo India. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health. 2025;12(3):380-8. [DOI]
9. Ministry of Youth A, Sports GoI. Operational Guidelines: Utilisation and Creation/Upgradation of Sports Infrastructure under Khelo India. New Delhi: MYAS; [Internet]; 2017.
10. Compton ME, Luetjens J, Hart P. Designing for policy success. Int Rev Public Policy. 2019;1(2):119-46. [DOI]
11. Kotnik Ž, Umek L, Kovač P, Stanimirović D, Vintar M. Analysis of the key factors for successful public policy implementation: A qualitative study in Slovenia. Danube. 2020;11(2):113-40. [DOI]
12. Prus R. Policy as a collective venture: A symbolic interactionist approach to the study of organizational directives. Int J Sociol Soc Policy. 2003;23(6/7):13-60. [DOI]
13. Kefela GT. Good governance enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of public spending. Afr J Bus Manag. 2011;5(5):2021-8. [DOI]
14. Aibueku SO, Ogbouma S. Extent of implementation of the 2009 national sports policy of Nigeria: Implications for sports science, exercise science, and sport medicine. Acad Res Int. 2013;4(2):541.
15. Adenuga G, et al. National sports policy implementation and Nigeria's foreign policy. Int J Innov Res Dev. 2019;8(3). [DOI]
16. Veal AJ, Darcy S. Research methods in sport studies and sport management: a practical guide: London: Routledge; 2014. [DOI]
17. Beder JH, Heim RC. On the use of ridit analysis. Psychometrika. 1990;55(4):603-16. [DOI]
18. Bross I. How to use ridit analysis. Biometrics. 1958. [DOI]
19. Craig CD, Faulkenberry GD. The application of ridit analysis to detect trends in visibility. Atmos Environ. 1979;13(12):1617-22. [DOI]
20. Donaldson GW. Ridit scores for analysis and interpretation of ordinal pain data. Eur J Pain. 1998;2(3):221-7. [PMID: 15102382] [DOI]
21. Pradhan B. Semantic Scholar 2009 [Available from: https://www.semanticscholar.orgER
22. Sermeus W, Delesie L. Ridit analysis on ordinal data. West J Nurs Res. 1996;18(3):351-9. [PMID: 8693727] [DOI]
23. Uwawunkonye EG, Anaene OIC. A comparative study between ridit and modified ridit analysis. Am J Theor Appl Stat. 2013;2(6):248-54. [DOI]
24. Henry I, Lee PC. Governance and ethics in sport: The Olympic Museum; 2004.
25. Hoye R, Cuskelly G. Sport governance. 2007. [PMCID: PMC2359673] [DOI]
26. Meier HE, García B. Beyond sports autonomy: a case for collaborative sport governance approaches. Int J Sport Policy Polit. 2021;13(3):501-16. [DOI]
27. Chappelet JL. The International Olympic Committee and the Olympic System: the governance of world sport: London: Routledge; 2008. [DOI]
28. Green M, Houlihan B. Elite sport development: Policy learning and political priorities: Routledge; 2005. [DOI]
29. Balyi I, Way R, Higgs C. Long-term athlete development: Human Kinetics; 2013. [DOI]
30. Ahmad I, Faridi M. The decline of university sports in India: Causes and retention measures. J Sports Res. 2022;9(1):49-56. [DOI]
31. Houlihan B, Green M. Comparative elite sport development: London: Routledge; 2007. [DOI]
32. Andreff W. Globalization of the sports economy: Routledge; 2008.
33. Hassan D. Managing sport business: an introduction: London: Routledge; 2018.
34. Podsakoff PM, MacKenzie SB, Lee JY, Podsakoff NP. Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. J Appl Psychol. 2003;88(5):879-903. [PMID: 14516251] [DOI]

