Designing the Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Model of Adolescents Based on Early Maladaptive Schemas with the Mediating Role of Coping Responses

Maryam Sobhani; Kobra Haji Alizadeh; Eghbal Zarei; Azita Amirfakhraei

doi:10.61838/kman.jayps.2.1.10

Authors

Maryam Sobhani Ph.D. student general psychology, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran, Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8621-3186
Kobra Haji Alizadeh Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6547-1853
Eghbal Zarei Associate professor, Department of Psychology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar abbas, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7461-2021
Azita Amirfakhraei Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8064-4660

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jayps.2.1.10

Keywords:

nternalizing behavior, externalizing, early maladaptive schemas, coping responses

Abstract

Background and Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of designing a model of internalizing and externalizing behavior of adolescents based on the early maladaptive schemas with the mediating role of coping responses. Methods: The research method was descriptive and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the current study was all the male and female students of the second secondary level in the 3rd district of Tehran in the year 1400. The number of sample people was 400 students who were selected by cluster method (4 schools). The research tools included the list of child behavioral disorders (Achenbach, 1991), the questionnaire of early maladaptive schemas (Yang, 2003) and the questionnaire of coping strategies (Lazarus and Folkman, 1988). The collected data were analyzed by structural equation modeling method. Results: The results of data analysis showed that the model has a good fit. Also, early maladaptive schemas have a direct effect on internalizing behavior, the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and internalizing behavior is directly equal (t = 4.98 and β = 0.43). Early maladaptive schemas have a direct effect on externalizing behavior, the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and externalizing behavior is directly equal (t = 1.99 and β = 0.13). In connection with the existence of an indirect effect of early maladaptive schemas on the internalizing behavior of adolescents through coping strategies, it has been confirmed with 95% confidence (p<0.05). Conclusion: the results showed that the hypothesis proposed in connection with the existence of an indirect effect of early maladaptive schemas on the externalizing behavior of adolescents through coping strategies was confirmed with 95% confidence (p<0.05).

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

پورشریفی، حمید؛ خانجانی، زینب؛ باباپور، جلیل؛ بیرامی، منصور؛ هاشمی، تورج؛ و شالچی، بهزاد. (۱۳۹۳). روابط ساختاری محیط خانواده، موقعیت اقتصادی اجتماعی و راهبردهای شناختی تنظیم عاطفی با نشانگان درونی‌سازی و برونی‌سازی در نوجوانان: ارائه یک مدل آسیب‌پذیری. نشریه پژوهش در سلامت روان‌شناختی، ۲۳(۱۱)، ۱–۲۰.

دادستان، پریرخ؛ بیات، مریم؛ و عسگری، علی. (۱۳۹۰). تأثیر بازی‌درمانگری کودک‌محور بر کاهش مشکلات برونی‌سازی‌شده کودکان. نشریه علوم رفتاری، ۵(۱)، ۲۴۰–۲۹۱.

لطفی، راضیه؛ دنیوی، وحید؛ و خسروی، زهره. (۱۳۹۸). مقایسه طرحواره‌های ناسازگار اولیه در سربازان مبتلا به اختلالات شخصیت و سربازان سالم. نشریه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ارتش جمهوری اسلامی ایران، ۹(۲)، ۱۲۹۹–۱۳۱۰.

مینایی، اصغر. (۱۳۹۸). انطباق و هنجاریابی سیاهه رفتاری کودک آخنباخ، پرسشنامه خودسنجی و فرم گزارش معلم. نشریه کودکان استثنایی، ۹(۱)، ۱۹۱–۲۰۲.

هالهان، دانیل پی؛ و کافمن، جیمز. (۱۳۹۰). کودکان استثنایی: زمینه تعلیم و تربیت ویژه. ترجمه فرهاد ماهر. تهران: نشر جوانه رشد.

یانگ، جفری؛ کلوسکو، ژانت؛ و ویشار، مارجوری. (۱۳۹۰). طرحواره‌درمانی. ترجمه حسن حمیدپور و زهرا اندوز. تهران: انتشارات ارجمند.

Calvete, E., Orue, I., & Hankin, B. L. (2013). Early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety in adolescents: The mediating role of anxious automatic thoughts. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 27(3), 278–288.

Chen, B. B., Qu, Y., Yang, B., & Chen, X. (2022). Chinese mothers’ parental burnout and adolescents’ internalizing and externalizing problems: The mediating role of maternal hostility. Developmental Psychology, 58(4), 768.

Chi, X., & Cui, X. (2020). Externalizing problem behaviors among adolescents in a southern city of China: Gender differences in prevalence and correlates. Children and Youth Services Review, 119, 105632.

Chung, M. C., & Chen, Z. S. (2020). Gender differences in child abuse, emotional processing difficulties, alexithymia, psychological symptoms and behavioural problems among Chinese adolescents. Psychiatric Quarterly, 91(2), 321–332.

Colman, I., Wadsworth, M. E., Croudace, T. J., & Jones, P. B. (2007). Forty-year psychiatric outcomes following assessment for internalizing disorder in adolescence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(1), 126–133.

Cox, M. J., Wang, F., & Gustafsson, H. C. (2011). Family organization and adolescent development. In Encyclopedia of Adolescence (pp. 75–83). Elsevier Inc.

Fanti, K. A. (2007). Trajectories of pure and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems from age 2 to age 12: Findings from the NICHD study of early child care.

Fteiha, M., & Awwad, N. (2020). Emotional intelligence and its relationship with stress coping style. Health Psychology Open, 7(2), 2055102920970416.

McClintock, S. M. (2005). Relationship of internalizing behavior problems to intelligence and executive functioning in children (Doctoral dissertation).

Ryu, G. W., Yang, Y. S., & Choi, M. (2020). Mediating role of coping style on the relationship between job stress and subjective well-being among Korean police officers. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1–8.

Simpson, S., Simionato, G., Smout, M., van Vreeswijk, M. F., Hayes, C., Sougleris, C., & Reid, C. (2019). Burnout amongst clinical and counselling psychologists: The role of early maladaptive schemas and coping modes as vulnerability factors. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 26(1), 35–46.

Steinberg, L. (2001). We know some things: Parent–adolescent relationships in retrospect and prospect. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 11(1), 1–19.

Switzer, E. (2009). Early maladaptive schemas and schema domains in rapists. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 16(2), 145–153.

Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics (5th ed., pp. 481–498). Boston, MA: Pearson.

Thimm, J. C. (2010). Mediation of early maladaptive schemas between perceptions of parental rearing style and personality disorder symptoms. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 41(1), 52–59.

van Wijk-Herbrink, M. F., Bernstein, D. P., Broers, N. J., Roelofs, J., Rijkeboer, M. M., & Arntz, A. (2018). Internalizing and externalizing behaviors share a common predictor: The effects of early maladaptive schemas are mediated by coping responses and schema modes. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 46(5), 907–920.

Zinn, M. E., Huntley, E. D., & Keating, D. P. (2020). Resilience in adolescence: Prospective self moderates the association of early life adversity with externalizing problems. Journal of Adolescence, 81, 61–72.