Validation of Internet of Things questionnaire in football (based on modern theory of measurement)

Abstract

Background and Aim:  The present research was conducted in order to validate the Internet of Things technology questionnaire in sports-football. Therefore, it is considered as a part of tool making research. The effect of the increasing development of technology in the field of sports can be clearly seen in the Internet of Things. One of the main challenges of research in the field of Internet of Things can be considered the lack of suitable measurement tools. This lack is more obvious in Iran than in other developed countries of the world. The purpose of the current research is to validate the Internet of Things technology questionnaire by Pierce and Santos (2017) in Iran. Methods: In the validation of this questionnaire, reliability was obtained through ordinal theta for parts A and B of the questionnaire. In addition, construct validity was conducted based on data dimensioning through multi-dimensional question-answer theory as one of the non-linear factor analysis methods with complete information. The community and the sample in this research are the same. The number of 158 experts in different fields of football sports are considered as the studied community, which are included in the present research in the form of a census. Results: The results showed that parts A and B of the questionnaire have a suitable reliability value (the ordinal theta value in part A equals 0.78 and for part B equals 0.82). Analyzing the questions through question deletion and the loop method showed that all questions should remain in the study and their absence reduces the reliability value. The questions in both part A and part B were identified through the theory of multi-dimensional questions and single-dimensional answers. The sum of the squares of factor loadings in part A is equal to 8.451 and the variance ratio explained by this factor is 0.57; No question in this part of the questionnaire was left out. Conclusion:  The sum of the squares of the factor loadings is 6.33 and the variance ratio explained by this factor is 0.257.