Comparison of the Effectiveness of Psychological Capital Training, Adolescent-Centered Mindfulness, and Healthy Human Theory Educational Packages on Frustration Tolerance and Hope among Female Upper Secondary School Students
Keywords:
Psychological Capital, Mindfulness, Healthy Human Theory, Frustration Tolerance, HopeAbstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Psychological Capital Training, Adolescent-Centered Mindfulness, and Healthy Human Theory educational packages on frustration tolerance and hope in female upper secondary school students.
Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest–posttest control group design with a three-month follow-up. The statistical population consisted of female upper secondary school students in District 2 of Isfahan during the 2023–2024 academic year, from which 80 students were selected through multistage sampling and randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group. The experimental groups received Psychological Capital Training, Adolescent-Centered Mindfulness, or Healthy Human Theory interventions in ten weekly 60-minute sessions, while the control group received no intervention. Data were collected using the Frustration Tolerance Questionnaire and the Snyder Hope Scale at pretest, posttest, and follow-up. Repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc tests were applied using SPSS-25.
Findings: Between-subjects analysis revealed significant differences among the groups for frustration tolerance (F = 3.18, p < .05) and hope (F = 14.41, p < .001). Within-subjects analysis indicated significant main effects of time for frustration tolerance (F = 241.31, p < .001) and hope (F = 160.32, p < .001), as well as significant time × group interactions for frustration tolerance (F = 31.90, p < .001) and hope (F = 17.33, p < .001). Post hoc comparisons showed that all three interventions significantly reduced frustration intolerance and increased hope relative to the control group, with mindfulness and healthy human interventions demonstrating stronger effects on hope at follow-up.
Conclusion: Psychological Capital Training, Adolescent-Centered Mindfulness, and Healthy Human Theory interventions are effective in enhancing frustration tolerance and hope among adolescent girls, with mindfulness and healthy human approaches yielding superior long-term improvements in hope.
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